Therapists help the elderly lead more productive, active, and independent lives through a variety of methods, including the use of adaptive equipment.

One branch of the central nervous system, the sympathetic nervous system, becomes primarily active during a stress response, regulating many of the body ’ s physiological functions in ways that ought to make an organism more adaptive to its environment.

In the 2000s, some of the active topics have been the role of gene duplication in the emergence of novel gene function, the extent of adaptive molecular evolution versus neutral processes of mutation and drift, and the identification of molecular changes responsible for various human characteristics especially those pertaining to infection, disease, and cognition.

LBT takes advantage of active and adaptive optics, provided by Arcetri Observatory.

* An introduction to active & adaptive optics ( European Southern Observatory web-site )

This type of immunity is both active and adaptive because the body's immune system prepares itself for future challenges.

In 1989 he created the first learning algorithm for neural networks based on principles of the market economy ( inspired by John Holland's bucket brigade algorithm for classifier systems ): adaptive neurons compete for being active in response to certain input patterns ; those that are active when there is external reward get stronger synapses, but active neurons have to pay those that activated them, by transferring parts of their synapse strengths, thus rewarding " hidden " neurons setting the stage for later success.

As an active array, SAMPSON uses software to shape and direct its beam allowing several functions to be carried out at once and, through adaptive waveform control, is virtually immune to enemy jamming.

They have been labeled differently, and are sometimes referred to as positive striving and maladaptive evaluation concerns, active and passive perfectionism, positive and negative perfectionism, and adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism.

None of these systems are known to be active today ; however, a less powerful civilian version of the ground-to-space laser system is commonly used in the astronomical technique of adaptive optics.

Note that the NTT has active instead of adaptive optics: it corrects the defects and deformation of the telescope and mirror, but does not correct the turbulence ; it ensures that the optics is always in perfect shape.

In particular, adaptive optics imaging from the Keck telescope in Hawaii and imaging from the Hubble telescope have allowed astronomers to monitor Io's active volcanoes.

Adaptive management can proceed as either passive adaptive management or active adaptive management, depending on how learning takes place.

In contrast, active adaptive management explicitly incorporates learning as part of the objective function, and hence, decisions which improve learning are valued over those which do not ( Holling 1978 ; Walters 1986 ).

Key features of both passive and active adaptive management are:

In 1992, Hilbourne described three learning models for federal land managers, around which adaptive management approaches could be developed, these are reactive, passive and active.

The goal of any sustainable organization guided by adaptive management principals must be to engage in active learning to direct change towards sustainability ( Verine, 2008 ).

By applying an adaptive management approach to community development the resulting sysems can develop built in sustainable practice as explained by the Environmental Advisory Council ( 2002 ), “ active adaptive management views policy as a set of experiments designed to reveal processes that build or sustain resilience.

An active structure ( also known as a smart or adaptive structure ) is a mechanical structure with the ability to alter its configuration, form or properties in response to changes in the environment.

To remove this, an adaptive filter can be used to remove the direct signal in a process similar to active noise control.

Conflict-driven solvers augment the basic DPLL search algorithm with efficient conflict analysis, clause learning, non-chronological backtracking ( aka backjumping ), as well as " two-watched-literals " unit propagation, adaptive branching, and random restarts.

Arithmetic coding, invented by Jorma Rissanen, and turned into a practical method by Witten, Neal, and Cleary, achieves superior compression to the better-known Huffman algorithm, and lends itself especially well to adaptive data compression tasks where the predictions are strongly context-dependent.

* Least mean squares filter, an adaptive filter algorithm for digital signal processing

In AGA ( adaptive genetic algorithm ), the adjustment of pc and pm depends on the fitness values of the solutions.

In CAGA ( clustering-based adaptive genetic algorithm ), through the use of clustering analysis to judge the optimization states of the population, the adjustment of pc and pm depends on these optimization states.

Compared with an algorithm like adaptive rejection sampling that directly generates independent samples from a distribution, Metropolis – Hastings and other MCMC algorithms have a number of disadvantages:

This is the source of the adaptive qualities of the algorithm.

An adaptive filter is a filter that self-adjusts its transfer function according to an optimization algorithm driven by an error signal.

Generally speaking, the adaptive process involves the use of a cost function, which is a criterion for optimum performance of the filter, to feed an algorithm, which determines how to modify filter transfer function to minimize the cost on the next iteration.

The adaptive algorithm generates this correction factor based on the input and error signals.

* Prediction by Partial Matching, an adaptive statistical data compression algorithm based on context modeling and prediction used in computer science

* Recursive least squares filter, an adaptive filter algorithm for digital signal processing

The quantization algorithm of the MPC encoder performs spectral shaping of the noise, called adaptive noise shaping ( ANS ), in order to overcome the low frequency resolution of the polyphase quadrature filter bands.

This algorithm is lossy, but adaptive, and preserves most of the information in the original.

An adaptive algorithm continuously determines the most efficient of the three to send based on the changing balance of the channels.

Jürgen Schmidhuber modifies error back propagation algorithm to change neural network weights in order to decrease the mismatch between anticipated states and states actually experienced in the future ( Schmidhuber-Adaptive curiosity and adaptive confidence, 1991 ).

Some of the most popular stochastic gradient descent algorithms are the least mean squares ( LMS ) adaptive filter and the backpropagation algorithm.

The Cramer – Shoup system is an asymmetric key encryption algorithm, and was the first efficient scheme proven to be secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack using standard cryptographic assumptions.

The greedy randomized adaptive search procedure ( also known as GRASP ) is a metaheuristic algorithm commonly applied to combinatorial optimization problems.

In a series of papers, Marsha Berger, Joseph Oliger, and Phillip Colella developed an algorithm for dynamic gridding called local adaptive mesh refinement.

The Recursive least squares ( RLS ) adaptive filter is an algorithm which recursively finds the filter coefficients that minimize a weighted linear least squares cost function relating to the input signals.