After the Civil War, some improvements were made through the establishment of state railroad and factory commissions, the adoption of new technology ( such as the railway air brake ), and more widespread availability of life insurance.

Metzenbaum was behind several important pieces of legislation, including the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, which required warning periods for large factory closures ; the Brady Law, which established a waiting period for handgun purchases ; and the Howard M. Metzenbaum Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994 ( MEPA ) ( U. S. Public Law 103-82 ), which prohibits federally subsidized adoption agencies from delaying or denying child placement on grounds of race or ethnicity.

The adoption of the factory system facilitated a process of unplanned urbanisation in the area, and by the mid-19th century Radcliffe had emerged as an important mill town at a convergence of cotton mills, bleachworks, and a newly constructed road, canal and railway network.

The adoption of the factory system facilitated a process of unplanned urbanisation in the area, and by the mid-19th century Swinton had emerged as an important mill town and coal mining district at a convergence of factories, brickworks and a newly constructed road and railway network.

With Israel's adoption of the FN FAL rifle in 1955, the Czechoslovak rifles were among the Israeli Mauser rifles converted to 7. 62 × 51mm NATO for use as reserve weapons, utilizing Mauser factory equipment provided by Czechoslovakia.

Woodcock was born to a 17-year-old Peterborough factory worker who gave him up for adoption.

The abacus was in use centuries before the adoption of the written modern numeral system and is still widely used by merchants, traders and clerks in Asia, Africa, and elsewhere.

Since the adoption of a new constitution, early in 2010, the politics of Angola takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Angola is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

The success of Cyprus in the economic sphere has been attributed, inter alia, to the adoption of a market-oriented economic system, the pursuance of sound macroeconomic policies by the government as well as the existence of a dynamic and flexible entrepreneurship and a highly educated labor force.

The researchers found that users felt more comfortable on a system evaluated as usable and applied that comfort and trust into increased use and adoption.

One of the largest issues surrounding the implementation and adoption of a CRM comes in the perceived lack of technical and user support in using the system.

Before the adoption of the current year numbering system, other systems were in use.

Frequently cited areas for improving the investment climate were establishment of a functioning legal and judicial system, adherence to competitive processes, and adoption of internationally acceptable accounting and disclosure standards.

In European countries where the metric system was established well before the adoption of the SI standard, there is still carry-over of usage from the precursor cgs and MKS systems.

By then, Chinese-made high-performance computers will be expected to achieve two major breakthroughs: first, the adoption of domestic-made central processing units ( CPUs ); second, the existing cluster-based system structure of high-performance computers will be changed once the computing speed reaches one quadrillion operations per second.

The race has been held since 1861 ( see list of Melbourne Cup winners ) and was originally held over two miles ( about 3, 218 metres ) but following preparation for Australia's adoption of the metric system in the 1970s, the current race distance of 3, 200 metres was established in 1972.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

Historically speaking, the dogma of the equality of man is the result of the adoption of the purely practical machinery of the majority but the adoption of the majority principle is also responsible for another institution of modern times: the party system.

The general adoption of the mouldboard plough in Europe appears to have accompanied the adoption of the three-field system in the later eighth and early ninth centuries, leading to an improvement of the agricultural productivity per unit of land in northern Europe.

This typically entails the sincere avowal of a new belief system, but may also present itself in other ways, such as adoption into an identity group or spiritual lineage.

A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point challenge system, which allows a player to challenge the line ( or chair ) umpire's call of a point.

Before the adoption of WYSIWYG techniques, text appeared in editors using the system standard typeface and style with little indication of layout ( margins, spacing etc .).

The New Currency Act of 1871 stipulated the adoption of the decimal accounting system of yen ( 1, 圓 ), sen (, 銭 ), and rin (, 厘 ), with the coins being round and manufactured using Western machinery.

Mikhail Gorbachev began reducing foreign aid to the communist bloc in the late 1980s, and this combined with the deaths of elderly Vietnamese leaders such as Le Duan brought about the gradual adoption of a relatively free market system similar to that of China.

Sister Irene is among the pioneers of modern adoption, establishing a system to board out children rather than institutionalize them.

This system of apprenticeship and informal adoption extended into the 19th century, today seen as a transitional phase for adoption history.

The 1816 weight / value ratio and size system survived the debasement of silver in 1920, and the adoption of token coins of cupro-nickel in 1947.

Prior to the adoption of the modern binomial system of naming species, a scientific name consisted of a generic name combined with a specific name that was from one to several words long.

At the adoption, the Rev. T. F. Zimmerman, general superintendent, commented, `` The Assemblies of God has been a bulwark for fundamentalism in these modern days and has, without compromise, stood for the great truths of the Bible for which men in the past have been willing to give their lives ''.

The adoption of a standard recognizable type for a long time, is probably because nature gives preference in survival of a type which has long be adopted by the climatic conditions, and also due to the general Greek belief that nature expresses itself in ideal forms that can be imagined and represented.

The adoption of certain episcopal insignia ( pontificalia ) by abbots was followed by an encroachment on episcopal functions, which had to be specially but ineffectually guarded against by the Lateran council, AD 1123.

* The adoption of those recommendations of the recent House of Lords enquiry into Science and Heritage which have a potential impact on the future of museums.

The waltz with its modern hold took root in England in about 1812 ; in 1819 Carl Maria von Weber wrote Invitation to the Dance, which marked the adoption of the waltz form into the sphere of absolute music.

As opposed to Gropius's " study of essentials ", and Meyer's research into user requirements, Mies advocated a " spatial implementation of intellectual decisions ", which effectively meant an adoption of his own aesthetics.

Their inherent focus on practical implementation of technology has tended to keep them oriented more towards incremental-level redesigns and reconfigurations, as opposed to revolutionary research & development or ideas that would be many years from clinical adoption ; however, there is a growing effort to expand this time-horizon over which clinical engineers can influence the trajectory of biomedical innovation.

This was mainly carried out by the adoption of a rule that all antiphons and responses should be in the exact words of Scripture, which, of course, cut out the whole class of appeals to created beings.

The exception to this rule is in the state of Goa, where a Portuguese uniform civil code is in place, in which all religions have a common law regarding marriages, divorces and adoption.

The adoption of the radical Pittsburgh Platform in 1885, which dismissed observance of the ritual commandments and Jewish peoplehood as " anachronistic ", created a permanent wedge between the Reform movement and more traditional American Jews.

The club has had two other nicknames, The Robins, adopted in 1931, and The Valiants, chosen in a fan competition in the 1960s which also led to the adoption of the sword badge which is still in use.

The adoption of massed cavalry in China also broke the tradition of the chariot-riding Chinese aristocracy in battle, which had been in use since the ancient Shang Dynasty ( c. 1600 BC-1050 BC ).

Therefore, it is clear there is no real consensus of what the term crannog actually implies, although the modern adoption in the English language broadly refers to a partially or completely artificial islet which saw use from the prehistoric to the Post-Medieval period in Ireland and Scotland.

In federal civil procedure law, which has also been accepted by approximately 35 states ( through adoption of state civil procedure rules similar to the federal rules ), the class action must have certain definite characteristics ( often referred to by the acronym CANT ):

) The ephemerides continued on this basis through 1983 ( with some changes due to adoption of improved values of astronomical constants ), after which, for 1984 onwards, they adopted the JPL ephemerides.

Some forms of education reform promote the adoption of progressive education practices, a more holistic approach which focuses on individual students ' needs and self-expression.

Increased use of the forward pass encouraged adoption of a narrower ball, starting with changes in the 1920s which enhanced rifled throwing and also spiral punting.

The general interest in Campus-Wide Information Systems ( CWISs ) in higher education at the time, and the ease with which a Gopher server could be set up to create an instant CWIS with links to other sites ' online directories and resources were the factors contributing to Gopher's rapid adoption.

The Washington conference concluded in February with the adoption of the General Treaty of Peace and Amity of 1923, which had eleven supplemental conventions.

He left the invited interest groups to negotiate agreements among themselves, which were then presented for adoption by states and localities.

The adoption of Islam by the 15th century saw the rise of number sultanates, the most prominent of which was the Melaka ( Malacca ).

The adoption of Plan Dalet marked the second stage of the war, in which Haganah passed from the defensive to the offensive.

Two major revolutions occurred during the 18th century, in the United States ( 1776 ) and in France ( 1789 ), leading to the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen respectively, both of which established certain legal rights.

This action led to the adoption of UN Security Council resolution 638, which condemned all hostage takings by all sides.