However, beyond this theoretical significance, efficient and scalable algorithms for SAT that were developed over the last decade have contributed to dramatic advances in our ability to automatically solve problem instances involving tens of thousands of variables and millions of constraints.

If the experiment were done in English, since Searle knows English, he would be able to take questions and give answers without any algorithms for English questions, and he would be affectively aware of what was being said and the purposes it might serve: Searle passes the Turing test of answering the questions in both languages, but he's only conscious of what he's doing when he speaks English.

Perhaps the earliest algorithms used in speech encoding ( and audio data compression in general ) were the A-law algorithm and the µ-law algorithm.

( The Rader-Brenner and QFT algorithms were proposed for power-of-two sizes, but it is possible that they could be adapted to general composite.

The " trick " that allows lossless compression algorithms, used on the type of data they were designed for, to consistently compress such files to a shorter form is that the files the algorithms are designed to act on all have some form of easily modeled redundancy that the algorithm is designed to remove, and thus belong to the subset of files that that algorithm can make shorter, whereas other files would not get compressed or even get bigger.

Historically, such algorithms were developed within the overlapping field of operations research.

Many great mathematicians of the past were preoccupied by numerical analysis, as is obvious from the names of important algorithms like Newton's method, Lagrange interpolation polynomial, Gaussian elimination, or Euler's method.

Some of the earliest-used algorithms, such as decision trees, produced systems of hard if-then rules similar to the systems of hand-written rules that were then common.

PGP 3 introduced use of the CAST-128 ( a. k. a. CAST5 ) symmetric key algorithm, and the DSA and ElGamal asymmetric key algorithms, all of which were unencumbered by patents.

Starting around the 15th century, new algorithms based on infinite series revolutionized the computation of, and were used by mathematicians including Madhava of Sangamagrama, Isaac Newton, Leonhard Euler, Carl Friedrich Gauss, and Srinivasa Ramanujan.

In 1997, it was publicly disclosed that asymmetric key algorithms were developed by James H. Ellis, Clifford Cocks, and Malcolm Williamson at the Government Communications Headquarters ( GCHQ ) in the UK in 1973.

Earlier rendering algorithms, such as Whitted-style ray tracing were capable of computing effects such as reflections, refractions, and shadows, but despite being highly global phenomena, these effects were not commonly referred to as " global illumination.

Previous algorithms cast rays from the eye into the scene until they hit an object, but the rays were traced no further.

The algorithms and notation for this scheme were extended by Australian philosopher and computer scientist Charles Hamblin in the mid-1950s.

At the time, encryption algorithms were classified as munitions by the United States government ; exporting encryption to other countries was considered an issue of national security, and had to be approved by the State Department.

A wide variety of other algorithms were tried at the time, mostly variants on delta modulation, but after careful consideration, the A-law / μ-law algorithms were chosen by the designers of the early digital telephony systems.

As a result, modern speech compression algorithms could use far more complex techniques than were available in the 1960s to achieve far higher compression ratios.

Perhaps aware that Hutcheson eventually removed his algorithms for calculating the greatest happiness because they “ appear ’ d useless, and were disagreeable to some readers ”

There were worries that new system-wide algorithms utilizing secondary storage would be less effective than previously used application-specific algorithms.

Developed by MathWorks, MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C ++, Java, and Fortran.

With this revision, occam became a language capable of expressing useful programs, whereas occam 1 was more suited to examining algorithms and exploring the new language ( however, the occam 1 compiler was written in occam 1, so there is an existence proof that reasonably sized, useful programs could be written in occam 1, despite its limitations ).

These algorithms are not practicable for hand written computation, but are available in any Computer algebra system ( see Berlekamp's algorithm for the case in which the coefficients belong to a finite field or the Berlekamp – Zassenhaus algorithm when working over the rational numbers ).

The Art of Computer Programming ( acronym: TAOCP ) is a comprehensive monograph written by Donald Knuth that covers many kinds of programming algorithms and their analysis.

On the other hand some algorithms like hash tables have very poor worst case behaviours, but a well written hash table of sufficient size will statistically never give the worst case ; the average number of operations performed follows an exponential decay curve, and so the run time of an operation is statistically bounded.

* Yade Yet Another Dynamic Engine ( historically related to SDEC ), modular and extensible toolkit of DEM algorithms written in c ++.

In the simplest definition, generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of to-be-specified-later types that are then instantiated when needed for specific types provided as parameters.

Optimization of algorithms frequently depends on the properties of the machine the algorithm will be executed on as well as the language the algorithm is written in and chosen data types.

is written from the perspective of Library and information science, but nonetheless acknowledges that " other important fields [...] have also used the name “ information science .” One is computer science, concerned with the theory and application of algorithms.

Moving from paper share certificates and written share registers to " dematerialized " shares, computerized trading and registration required not only extensive changes to legislation but also the development of the necessary technology: online and real time systems rather than batch ; electronic communications rather than the postal service, telex or the physical shipment of computer tapes, and the development of secure cryptographic algorithms.

This meant that fast graphics algorithms could be written to allow fast scrolling, overdraw, dirty rectangles, double buffering, and other animation techniques.

Because Python is currently implemented as an interpreter, mathematical algorithms written in it often run much more slowly than compiled equivalents.

The algorithms are written in the C language.

Until recently, all non-blocking algorithms had to be written " natively " with the underlying primitives to achieve acceptable performance.

John Searle's Chinese room argument deals with the nature of artificial intelligence: it imagines a room in which a conversation is held by means of written Chinese characters that the subject cannot actually read, but is able to manipulate meaningfully using a set of algorithms.

He has also written highly-cited research papers on the NP-completeness of approximately solving certain optimization problems, on open shop scheduling, on parallel algorithms for matrix multiplication and their application in graph theory, and on improved exponential time exact algorithms for the subset sum problem, among his many other research results.

These methods include word games, written exercises and different types of improvisation, or algorithms for approaching problems.

* logilab-constraint an open source constraint solver written in pure Python with constraint propagation algorithms.

Kleinberg has written numerous papers and articles as well as a textbook on computer algorithms, Algorithm Design, co-authored with Éva Tardos.

User operators — unassigned operators could cause interrupts into the operating system so that algorithms could be written to provide the required functionality

Modular Audio Recognition Framework ( MARF ) is an open-source research platform and a collection of voice, sound, speech, text and natural language processing ( NLP ) algorithms written in Java and arranged into a modular and extensible framework that attempts to facilitate addition of new algorithms.

In 2004 the Galileo System Test Bed Version 1 ( GSTB-V1 ) project validated the on-ground algorithms for Orbit Determination and Time Synchronisation ( OD & TS ).

System comparisons ( benchmarking ) or evaluations of new netting algorithms or rules are performed by running simulations with a fixed set of data and varying only the system setups.

Once at STScI, the data are processed by a series of computer algorithms that convert its format into an internationally accepted standard ( known as FITS: Flexible Image Transport System ), correct for missing data, and perform final calibration of the data by removing instrumental artifacts.

Unlike the predecessors Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System ( CAPPS ) & CAPPS II, Secure Flight does not scan passengers for outstanding warrants nor does Secure Flight use computer algorithms to search for links to flagged terrorists.

" Another acoustic enhancement system, VRAS ( Variable Room Acoustics System ) uses "... different algorithms based on microphones placed around the room.

* Forensic Information System for Handwriting, a database of letters which convert handwriting features into mathematical algorithms