Magadhi Prakrit was the ancestor of Magadhi, from which the latter's name derives.

For example, a boy may inherit a small jaw from one ancestor and large teeth from another.

Basing action on the empirical determination of cause and effect provides a toughness and bravado that no powerful otherworldly ancestor could ever impart -- plus the added liberation from the constraint of silent burial urns.

As a protector and founder, Apollo had the epithets Alexicacus ( ; Ἀλεξίκακος, Alexikakos, literally " warding off evil "), Apotropaeus ( ; Ἀποτρόπαιος, Apotropaios, from ἀποτρέπειν, " to avert "), and Epicurius ( ; Ἐπικούριος, Epikourios, from ἐπικουρέειν, " to aid "), and Archegetes ( ; Ἀρχηγέτης, Arkhēgetēs, literally " founder "), Clarius ( ; Κλάριος, Klārios, from Doric κλάρος, " allotted lot "), and Genetor ( ; Γενέτωρ, Genetōr, literally " ancestor ").

All modern amphibians are included in the subclass Lissamphibia, superorder Salientia, which is usually considered a clade, a group of species that have evolved from a common ancestor.

It has been suggested that salamanders arose separately from a Temnospondyl-like ancestor, and even that caecilians are the sister group of the advanced reptiliomorph amphibians, and thus of amniotes.

Algae constitute a paraphyletic and polyphyletic group, as they do not include all the descendants of the last universal ancestor nor do they all descend from a common algal ancestor, although their plastids seem to have a single origin.

Asterales are organisms that seem to have evolved from one common ancestor.

Although most extant species of Asteraceae are herbaceous, the examination of the basal members in the family suggests that the common ancestor of the family was an arborescent plant, a tree or shrub, perhaps adapted to dry conditions, radiating from South America.

The specific name comes from the Afar word for " basal family ancestor ".

" Ever since the time of my ancestor Ali, the first Imam, that is to say over a period of thirteen hundred years, it has always been the tradition of our family that each Imam chooses his successor at his absolute and unfettered discretion from amongst any of his descendants, whether they be sons or remote male issue and in these circumstances and in view of the fundamentally altered conditions in the world in very recent years due to the great changes which have taken place including the discoveries of atomic science, I am convinced that it is in the best interest of the Shia Muslim Ismailia Community that I should be succeeded by a young man who has been brought up and developed during recent years and in the midst of the new age and who brings a new outlook on life to his office as Imam.

In Greek mythology, the perceived cultural divisions among the Hellenes were represented as legendary lines of descent that identified kinship groups, with each line being derived from an eponymous ancestor.

All members of this phylum are parasitic and evolved from a free living ancestor.

All bilaterians are thought to have descended from a common ancestor that appeared early in the Cambrian period, 550 – 600 million years ago, and it has been hypothesized that this common ancestor had the shape of a simple tubeworm with a segmented body.

All dinosaurs are believed to be descended from a fully bipedal ancestor, perhaps similar to Eoraptor.

* A node p is an ancestor of a node q if it exists on the path from the root to node q.

There is strong quantitative support for the theory that all living organisms on Earth are descended from a common ancestor.

During this period, archaeological evidence points to an increase in literacy and a partial shift away from the faith placed in Shangdi ( the Supreme Being in traditional Chinese religion ), with ancestor worship becoming commonplace and a more worldly orientation coming to the fore.

His earliest American ancestor, John Coolidge, emigrated from Cottenham, Cambridgeshire, England, around 1630 and settled in Watertown, Massachusetts.

" The name is derived from the family's first certain ancestor, Robert the Strong ( b. 820 ), the count of Paris.

A clade ( from Ancient Greek, klados, " branch ") or monophylum ( see monophyletic ) is a group consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants, a single " branch " on the " tree of life ".

There is, of course, the doctrine of original sin, which asserts that each of us as individuals partakes of the guilt of our first ancestor.

The earliest certain ancestor of " A " is aleph ( also called ' aleph ), the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet ( which, by consisting entirely of consonants, is an abjad rather than a true alphabet ).

The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

Her symbolic role in this unique mission to the Spanish Court was intended to emphasize the international links which were forged by her 16th-century ancestor, Ieyasu Tokugawa.

According to biblical scholars, the Torah's genealogy for Levi's descendants, is actually an aetiological myth reflecting the fact that there were four different groups among the levites – the Gershonites, Kohathites, Merarites, and Aaronids ; Aaron – the eponymous ancestor of the Aaronids – couldn't be portrayed as a brother to Gershon, Kohath, and Merari, as the narrative about the birth of Moses ( brother of Aaron ), which textual scholars attribute to the earlier Elohist source, mentions only that both his parents were Levites ( without identifying their names ).

A distinctive West Arabic variant of the symbols begins to emerge around the 10th century in the Maghreb and Al-Andalus, called ghubar (" sand-table " or " dust-table ") numerals, which are the direct ancestor of the modern Western Arabic numerals used throughout the world.

Starting with a recent single ancestor, this process results in the speciation and phenotypic adaptation of an array of species exhibiting different morphological and physiological traits with which they can exploit a range of divergent environments.

Note that this is not the same as a monophyly in which all descendants of a common ancestor are included.

# The head of the eighth of the twenty-four courses into which David divided the priests, and an ancestor of Zecharias the priest, who was the father of John the Baptist.

The current consensus is that chordates are monophyletic, meaning that the Chordata include all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor which is itself a chordate, and that craniates ' nearest relatives are cephalochordates.

A clade is by definition monophyletic, meaning it contains one ancestor ( which can be an organism, a population, or a species ) and all its descendants.

The ancestor of the class action was what modern observers call " group litigation ," which appears to have been quite common in medieval England from about 1200 onward.

In linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor, as opposed to the method of internal reconstruction, which analyzes the internal development of a single language over time.

He was " the creator of ... that cage which is the theatre of Shakespeare's Othello, Racine's Phèdre, of Ibsen and Strindberg ," in which "... imprisoned men and women destroy each other by the intensity of their loves and hates ", and yet he was also the literary ancestor of comic dramatists as diverse as Menander and George Bernard Shaw.

An ancestral form existed, known as the gastrea, which was a common ancestor to the corresponding gastrula.

By comparing the parts of the genome that are not under natural selection and which therefore accumulate mutations at a fairly steady rate, it is possible to reconstruct a genetic tree incorporating the entire human species since the last shared ancestor.

By comparing mitochondrial DNA which is inherited only from the mother, geneticists have concluded that the last female common ancestor whose genetic marker is found in all modern humans, the so-called mitochondrial Eve, must have lived around 200, 000 years ago.

Reconstruction of Homo heidelbergensis which may be the direct ancestor of both Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens.

There are 41 known species of felids in the world today, all of which descended from the same ancestor.

Timur rebuilt most of Afghanistan's infrastructure which was destroyed by his early ancestor.

Its direct ancestor was the Indian Crocuta sivalensis, which lived during the Villafranchian.

Homo habilis has often been thought to be the ancestor of the more gracile and sophisticated Homo ergaster, which in turn gave rise to the more human-appearing species, Homo erectus.