Drag on a flat plate is closer to being linear with the angle of inclination as opposed to acting quadratically at low angles.

The strike is the line of intersection between the planar feature and a horizontal plane, taken according to the right hand convention, and the dip is the magnitude of the inclination, below horizontal, at right angles to strike.

Mutual inclination of two orbits may be calculated from their inclinations to another plane using cosine rule for angles.

The normals are directly related to angles of inclination of the line on the object surface.

JSLC is usually used to launch vehicles into lower and medium orbits with large orbital inclination angles, as well as testing medium to long-range missiles.

In three dimensions, a rigid rotator can be described by two angles — and, where is the inclination relative to an arbitrarily chosen z-axis while is the rotator angle in the projection to the x – y plane.

The spaceport is usually used to launch vehicles into lower and medium orbits with large orbital inclination angles, as well as testing medium to long-range missiles.

Greater flexibility in lunar orbital or landing site coverage ( at greater angles of lunar inclination ) can be obtained by performing a plane change maneuver mid-flight ; however, this takes away the free-return option, as the new plane would take the spacecraft's emergency return trajectory away from the Earth's atmospheric re-entry point, and leave the spacecraft in a high Earth orbit.

The terrain is diversely oriented with inclination angles ranging from 10 degrees to 14 degrees.

This system specifies the latitude and longitude of any location in terms of angles subtended at the centre of the Earth, using the equator and ( usually ) the Greenwich meridian as references.

This convention is used, in particular, for geographical coordinates, where the " zenith " direction is north and positive azimuth ( longitude ) angles are measured eastwards from some prime meridian.

Meridians of longitude and parallels of latitude provide special cases of the rhumb line, where their angles of intersection are respectively 0 ° and 90 °.

where and are the n-vectors representing the two positions s and f. Similarly to the equations above based on latitude and longitude, the expression based on arctan is the only one that is well-conditioned for all angles.

Positions may be expressed as a bearing and range from a known landmark or as an angles of latitude and longitude relative to a map datum.

The incised rocks and carins are explained as recordings of a land survey and latitude showing angles and bearings ,” the “ W ” rock which has components that “ represent a combination of sun and star sighting points to determine the longitude, date and time and day ,” and the “ Rays Rock ” which “ is a compass rose point used to measure points on Neahkahnie Mountain and beyond .”

On the plane of reference, a zero-point must be defined from which the angles of longitude are measured.

Note that the modern standard for measuring longitude on Mars is " planetocentric longitude ", which is measured from 0 °– 360 ° East and measures angles from the center of Mars.

Another example is the position of a point on the earth, often described using the orientation of a line joining it with the earth center, measured using the two angles of longitude and latitude.

Even if the steps were functional, the towers rise at steep vertical angles that would make ascending them difficult.

In his angles course, Gann argues that when an uptrending price reverses and breaks under an ascending angle, the tendency of the price is to go to the next nearest angle below it ; likewise, when a downtrending price reverses and breaks up through a descending angle, the tendency of the price is to go to the next nearest angle above it.

For example, in a render operation, a transformation group node would accumulate its transformation by matrix multiplication, vector displacement, quaternions or Euler angles.

A similar argument can be used to show that if we imagine the slit to be divided into four, six, eight parts, etc., minima are obtained at angles θ < sub > n </ sub > given by

This argument can be generalized to concave simple polygons, if external angles that turn in the opposite direction are subtracted from the total turned.

The multiplication of two complex numbers can be expressed most easily in polar coordinates – the magnitude or modulus of the product is the product of the two absolute values, or moduli, and the angle or argument of the product is the sum of the two angles, or arguments.

This argument has been criticized as fallacious from a number of different angles: the argument is both that the individuals who are the most deserving are the highest rewarded, and that a system of unequal rewards is necessary, otherwise no individuals would perform as needed for the society to function.

Note, however, that this definition is valid only for angles between 0 and π / 2 radians ( not inclusive ) and therefore this argument does not prove the identity for all angles.

By a similar argument, or simply using the fact that AP < sub > 1 </ sub > and AP < sub > 2 </ sub > are at right angles, the angle between AP < sub > 2 </ sub > and the x-axis is then

These can also move a short distance but at right angles to the tappets.

If one also removes the second postulate (" a line can be extended indefinitely ") then elliptic geometry arises, where there is no parallel through a point outside a line, and in which the interior angles of a triangle add up to more than 180 degrees.

To express even smaller angles, standard SI prefixes can be employed ; in particular, the milliarcsecond, abbreviated mas, is used in astronomy.

Naming the central ray passing through the entrance pupil the axis of the pencil or principal ray, it can be said: the rays of the pencil intersect, not in one point, but in two focal lines, which can be assumed to be at right angles to the principal ray ; of these, one lies in the plane containing the principal ray and the axis of the system, i. e. in the first principal section or meridional section, and the other at right angles to it, i. e. in the second principal section or sagittal section.

For geometries, bond lengths can be predicted within a few picometres and bond angles within 0. 5 degrees.

Informally, the theorem says that the curvature of a surface can be determined entirely by measuring angles and distances on the surface.

These atomic orbitals are known to have specific angular relationships between each other, and thus the valence bond model can successfully predict the bond angles observed in simple molecules.

However, the primary cell wall, can be defined as composed of cellulose microfibrils aligned at all angles.

Tools such as a compass can be used to measure the angles of different sides.

These angles can be reproduced on the drawing surface and then rechecked to make sure they are accurate.

The fundamental types of measurements in Euclidean geometry are distances and angles, and both of these quantities can be measured directly by a surveyor.

The two ends of the trench have ramps or entrances at right angles to the trench, so that gamma rays cannot enter ( they can travel only in straight lines ).

The difference between advancing and receding contact angles is termed contact angle hysteresis and can be used to characterize surface heterogeneity, roughness, and mobility.

Due to the nature of hyperbolic curves, a particular combination of a primary and two secondary stations can possibly result in a " grid " where the grid lines intersect at shallow angles.

The cleavage angles can be measured with a contact goniometer, which is similar to a protractor.

The latest heat-seeking designs can lock onto a target from various angles, not just from behind, where the heat signature from the engines is strongest.

The surface of these grooves can be atomically smooth if the etch is carried out correctly, with dimensions and angles being extremely accurate.

A simple construction involving the center of mass frame can be used to show that if a stationary elastic sphere is struck by a moving sphere, the two will head off at right angles after the collision ( as in the figure ).

The motion of the top can be described by three Euler angles: the tilt angle between the symmetry axis of the top and the vertical ; the azimuth of the top about the vertical ; and the rotation angle of the top about its own axis.

Tracing around an n-gon in general, the sum of the exterior angles ( the total amount one rotates at the vertices ) can be any integer multiple d of 360 °, e. g. 720 ° for a pentagram and 0 ° for an angular " eight ", where d is the density or starriness of the polygon.