During the 15th century, " piracy became an increasing problem and merchant communities such as Bristol began to resort to self-help, arming and equipping ships at their own expense to protect commerce.

Teddy Roosevelt called him a " skunk who ought to be hanged " when he opposed the arming of American merchant ships.

* George Norris, from Nebraska, for opposing Joseph Gurney Cannon's autocratic power as Speaker of the House, for speaking out against arming U. S. merchant ships during the United States ' neutral period in World War I, and for supporting the Presidential Campaign of Democrat Al Smith.

Although Cummins voted in favor of the 1917 declaration of war against the German Empire when Wilson requested it, he sided most often with his party than with Wilson on other foreign-policy issues, opposing the arming of merchant ships in early 1917 and U. S. membership in a League of Nations in 1919-20.

In early 1917, he urged Wilson to authorize the arming and convoying of merchant vessels.

It was limited as a response to the filibuster of the arming of merchant ships in World War I.

Fertig even created a " navy " by arming several small merchant vessels which he used to protect convoys of small vessels that helped distribute supplies brought in by submarine.

By 1652, fewer than fifty ships were seaworthy and the deficiency had to be made good by arming merchantmen.

The provincial assemblies of Connecticut and Rhode Island had by then also begun arming ships and authorized privateering.

He created a squadron of fighting ships at Sackett's Harbor, New York by purchasing and arming several lake schooners and laying down new purpose-built fighting vessels.

Other work included arming civilian ships and refitting at least one as a troop carrier.

:" The responsibility of the WSA under the Executive Order of February 7, 1942, extended to all phases of shipping including the purchase or requisition of vessels for its own use or the use of the Army, Navy, or other Government agencies ; the repairing, arming, and degaussing of WSA controlled vessels and Allied vessels under lend-lease provision ; conversion of vessels to troop transports, hospital ships, and for other special purposes ; training and providing ship personnel, operating, loading, discharging and general control of the movement of these ships ; administering and marine and war risk insurance laws and funds, and the control of terminal and port facilities, forwarding and related matters.

A gambeson ( or aketon or padded jack or arming doublet ) is a padded defensive jacket, worn as armour separately, or combined with mail or plate armour.

* How a Man Shal Be Armyd modern reproduction of an arming doublet with diagrams and photographs

Benjamin Franklin was a proponent in the 1770s ; the Honourable Artillery Company had an archer company between 1784 and 1794 ; and a man named Richard Mason wrote a book proposing the arming of militia with pike and longbow in 1798.

The Militia Clauses gave Congress authority for " organizing, arming, and disciplining " the militia, and " governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States ", with the States retaining authority to appoint officers and to impose the training specified by Congress.

Trudeau criticized the Liberal Party of Lester Pearson when it supported arming Bomarc missiles in Canada with nuclear warheads.

In September 1917 V. I. Lenin wrote " There is only one way to prevent the restoration of the police, and that is to create a people's militia and to fuse it with the army ( the standing army to be replaced by the arming of the entire people ).

: the renunciation of one's own will and arming oneself " with the strong and noble weapons of obedience " under the banner of " the true King, Christ the Lord " ( Prol.

The spatha as it developed in the Late Roman army became the predecessor of the European sword of the Middle Ages, at first adopted as the Migration period sword, and only in the High Middle Ages developed into the classical arming sword with crossguard.

During the Crusades of the 12th to 13th century, this cruciform type of arming sword remained essentially stable, with variations mainly concerning the shape of the pommel.

The U. S. reasons for war included the humiliation in the " Chesapeake incident " of 1807, continued British impressment of American sailors into the Royal Navy, restrictions on trade with France, and arming hostile American Indians in Ohio and the western territories.

" Congress is also empowered to come up with the guidelines " for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress " ( clause 16 ).

This was solved by arming the XM551 with a 152 mm gun firing low velocity M81 HEAT rounds.

With this race, when it was found that Klingons were furnishing one portion of the race with advanced weapons, Kirk responded by arming the other faction with the same weapons.

Taking precautions against further resistance, Darius sent soldiers to seize Intaphernes, along with his son, family members, relatives and any friends who were capable of arming themselves.

* 1979-89-The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan ; America works with Pakistan and Saudi Arabia in funding, training, and arming Muslim mujahideen insurgency against S. U. occupation.

The basic function of equipment in Final Fantasy games is to increase character attributes ; arming Zidane with a Mythril Vest, for example, increases his base defense statistic.

" It is a very far reaching control which would eliminate the rivalry between nations in this field, which would prevent the surreptitious arming of one nation against another, which would provide some cushion of time before atomic attack, and presumably therefore before any attack with weapons of mass destruction, and which would go a long way toward removing atomic energy at least as a source of conflict between the powers ".

They almost always included a single edge with a slight curve on the blade towards the point on the end and most were also affixed with a quilloned crossguard for the hilt in the manner of the contemporary arming swords.

Major foreign policy events during his term of office included the normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China ( and the severing of ties with the Republic of China ); the signing of the second Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty ( SALT II ); the brokering of the Camp David Accords ; the transition of Iran from an important U. S. client state to an anti-Western Islamic Republic, encouraging dissidents in Eastern Europe and emphasizing human rights in order to undermine the influence of the Soviet Union ; the financing of the mujahideen in Afghanistan in response to the Soviet deployment of forces there and the arming of these rebels to counter the Soviet invasion ; and the signing of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties relinquishing overt U. S. control of the Panama Canal after 1999.

The Israelis responded by arming themselves with help from France.

The long list of charges included inter alia annexation, deportation, expulsion, destruction, collective punishment, administrative detention, torture, illegal exploitation, curtailing of free press, killing and wounding of defenceless demonstrators, breaking of bones and limbs of thousands of civilians, use of toxic gas and arming of Israeli settlers with the purpose to perpetrate and commit acts of violence against Palestinians and other Arabs, causing deaths and injuries.

During both World Wars in order to rapidly build up numbers, all sides created auxiliary patrol boats by arming motorboats and sea going fishing trawlers with machine guns and obsolescent naval weapons.

The 40 mm guns are usually rifled, and may fire 40 mm grenades ; explosive grenades rely on the spin both for stabilization and for arming the fuze.

This was due to the light arming of the Bulgarian Avia B-534 ( 4 x 7. 92mm machine guns ).

Responsible for recruiting and arming soldiers, Hanson proved to be an excellent organizer, and Frederick County sent the first southern troops to join George Washington's army.

Hunter was a strong advocate of arming blacks as soldiers for the Union cause.

O ' Neill followed Shane's policy of arming the people, rather than rely mostly upon mercenary soldiers, such as redshanks and bonnaught.

The central Berlin government thought along with the central Reichswehr command that by paying and arming these ' black ' soldiers, they might be able ' to tie them to the crib ' and thus render them harmless.

AAC groundcrew need to be able to work as part of a team, and on occasion as an individual, and may be expected to defend forward operating bases and forward arming refuelling points, they also refuel and re-arm the helicopters and provide the essential communications to the aircraft and other army units.