Ecological dominance, social competition, and coalitionary arms races: Why humans evolved extraordinary intelligence.

The causes identified included arms races, alliances, secret diplomacy, and the freedom of sovereign states to enter into war for their own benefit.

Strauss argued that the unavoidable nature of such arms races, which have existed before modern times and led to the collapse of peaceful civilizations, provides us with both an explanation of what is most truly dangerous in Machiavelli's innovations, but also the way in which the aims of his apparently immoral innovation can be understood.

As in all arms races, these developments in armor countermeasures have led to the development of RPG rounds designed specifically to defeat them, with methods such as a tandem-charge warhead, which has two shape charges, of which the first is meant to activate any reactive armor, and the second to penetrate the vehicle.

The early arms races of the century escalated into a war which involved many powerful nations: World War I ( 1914 – 1918 ).

Nash equilibrium has been used to analyze hostile situations like war and arms races ( see Prisoner's dilemma ), and also how conflict may be mitigated by repeated interaction ( see Tit-for-tat ).

Arms control treaties and agreements are often seen as a way to avoid costly arms races which would prove counter-productive to national aims and future peace.

Balancing power to keep the European pentarchy was the means for keeping the peace, and careful Realpolitikers tried to avoid arms races.

In fact advanced degrees of coevolution occur in the arms races of predator-prey relationships as well.

The primary inhabitants are humans ( of various racial types ), as well as aldryami ( elves ), mostali ( dwarfs ), uz ( trolls ) and less populous races such as durulz ( large intelligent ducks with arms ) and dragonewts.

With naval arms races ( especially between Germany and Britain ) and the end of colonialism and the granting of independence to these colonies, European thalassocracies, which had controlled the world's oceans for centuries, ceased to be.

The conflict was instead expressed through military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, extensive aid to client states, espionage, massive propaganda campaigns, conventional and nuclear arms races, appeals to neutral nations, rivalry at sports events, and technological competitions such as the Space Race.

He condemned arms races and abortion, but supported clerical celibacy and disarmament.

Their principal enemies are the High Elves for obvious reasons, but over the centuries they have been given reason to take up arms against all races of the Warhammer World.

It can inevitably causes a security dilemma, whereby the increase in power and security of one state decreases that of another and offsets offensive actions, potential arms races and escalating hostility among actors, hindering collective security.

These recurring principles of behavior include balancing of power ( the theory was revised by Stephan Walt, modifying the " balance of power " concept to " balance of threat "), entering into individually sub-optimal arms races, and exercising restraint in proportion to relative power.

According to Robert Jervis, the security dilemma can lead to arms races and alliance formation.

The causes identified included arms races, alliances, secret diplomacy, and the freedom of sovereign states to enter into war for their own benefit.

Ironically, the existing problems of overpopulation, environmental pollution, and arms races were solved by this one-man war.

It is an anti-war story ; specifically, a parable about arms races in general, mutually assured destruction and nuclear weapons in particular.

Co-evolution is also interspecific by definition ; it excludes intraspecific ( within species ) arms races such as sexual conflict.

Evolutionary arms races can even be displayed between humans and micro-organisms, where medical researchers make antibiotics, and micro-organisms evolve into new strains which are more resistant.

" Film critic William Wolf especially praised the scene where Pina is shot, stating that " few scenes in cinema have the force of that in which Magnani, arms outstretched, races towards the camera to her death.

It was only in the subsequent period, from 1977 through 1988, that the three firms began to export arms on a large scale.

During the interwar period the Luftwaffe leadership rejected the concept of terror bombing, and confined the air arms use to battlefield support of interdiction operations.

Ian Bottomley in his book " Arms and Armor of the Samurai: The History of Weaponry in Ancient Japan " shows a picture of a kusari armour and mentions kusari katabira ( chain jackets ) with detachable arms being worn by samurai police officials during the Edo period.

Bound by the rules of chivalry, Don Quixote submits to prearranged terms that the vanquished is to obey the will of the conqueror, which in this case, is that Don Quixote is to lay down his arms and cease his acts of chivalry for the period of one year ( a duration in which he may be cured of his madness ).

A ship flag from this period, showing coats of arms from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Pomerania

In the 2005-2009 period, Italy has been the first EU arms exporter towards Libya, with a total value of € 276. 7m, of which one third only in the last 2008 – 2009 years.

The period was marked by a new arms race, and nuclear weapons were produced in the tens of thousands, sufficient to end most human life on the planet had a large-scale nuclear exchange ever occurred.

Regrowth of both the disc and the arms occur giving an animal with some large arms and some small arms during the period of growth.

During the period of regrowth, they have a few tiny arms and one large arm earning them the name of " comet forms ".

Throughout the war period Portugal faced increasing dissent, arms embargoes and other punitive sanctions imposed by most of the international community.

Altogether thirty-four works were published in the period 1558 to 1562, most of them bearing the coat of arms of Madruzzo.

Carl Sagan in his book Comet ( 1985 ) reproduces Han period Chinese manuscript ( the Book of Silk, 2nd century BC ) that shows comet tail varieties: most are variations on simple comet tails, but the last shows the comet nucleus with four bent arms extending from it, recalling a swastika.

While political propaganda or personal emphasis may have somewhat distorted the historical accuracy of the story, the Bayeux tapestry presents a unique visual document of medieval arms, apparel, and other objects unlike any other artifact surviving from this period.

There were few recorded attempts to control arms during the period between this and the rise of the Roman Catholic Church.

However during the period until the beginning of the 19th century few formal arms control agreements were recorded, except theoretical proposals and those imposed on defeated armies.

Since this period is different from the rotation period of the galactic spiral arms, the sun, and the earth with it, will periodically pass through the arms ( estimates of the period are uncertain and vary from 143 million years to 176 million years ).

Algeria provided arms and Land Rover jeeps to Sahrawi guerrillas, who successfully used them in long-range desert raids against the less agile conventional armies of their opponents, recalling Sahrawi tribal raids ( ghazzis ) of the pre-colonial period.

Multiple French Resistance cells were active during this period in the region of Metz, such as the Mario and the Derhan groups, whose activities included collecting arms for the Liberation, distributing flyers, helping to prisoners and resisters, and sabotage.