WMAP image of the ( extremely tiny ) anisotropies in the cosmic background radiation

The average temperature of the universe today is approximately 2. 73 kelvins, based on measurements of cosmic microwave background radiation.

Another source of background absorption, particularly in ET AAS, is scattering of the primary radiation at particles that are generated in the atomization stage, when the matrix could not be removed sufficiently in the pyrolysis stage.

While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of the Big Bang and those of alternative cosmological models, most scientists became convinced that some version of the Big Bang scenario best fit observations after the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964, and especially when its spectrum ( i. e., the amount of radiation measured at each wavelength ) was found to match that of thermal radiation from a black body.

This relic radiation is known as the cosmic microwave background radiation.

The other was Lemaître's Big Bang theory, advocated and developed by George Gamow, who introduced big bang nucleosynthesis ( BBN ) and whose associates, Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman, predicted the cosmic microwave background radiation ( CMB ).

The discovery and confirmation of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964 secured the Big Bang as the best theory of the origin and evolution of the cosmos.

* The isotropy of the cosmic background radiation is another indicator that the universe does not rotate.

Displays showing the level of background radiation are common in nuclear power plants and other facilities under risk of nuclear contamination.

Both natural and human-made background radiation varies by location.

The cosmic microwave background is radiation left over from decoupling after the epoch of recombination when neutral atoms first formed.

# REDIRECT Cosmic microwave background radiation

The most distant light of all, cosmic microwave background radiation, is isotropic to at least one part in a thousand.

Measurements of the effects of the cosmic microwave background radiation in the dynamics of distant astrophysical systems in 2000 proved the Copernican principle on a cosmological scale.

In cosmology, cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) radiation ( also CMBR, CBR, MBR, and relic radiation ) is thermal radiation filling the observable universe almost uniformly.

Cosmic background radiation is well explained as radiation left over from an early stage in the development of the universe, and its discovery is considered a landmark test of the Big Bang model of the universe.

Precise measurements of cosmic background radiation are critical to cosmology, since any proposed model of the universe must explain this radiation.

Subsequent to the discovery of the CMB, hundreds of cosmic microwave background experiments have been conducted to measure and characterize the signatures of the radiation.

Begging my pardon, he must express his astonishment over seeing a person of my background applying at the hall.

This is not to assume that his work was without merit, but the validity of his assumptions concerning the meaning of history must always be considered against this background of an unprofessional approach.

Although the teacher must be concerned with maintaining standards, he must also be concerned about understanding differences in ability, background, and experience.

We must also remember those who reacted against the dream as a kind of myth -- among them Melville, Hawthorne, and Henry James the elder, all of them out of a Christian background.

Such a thin chronology and little background knowledge has led to gross misinterpretations of his works, and thus further investigation must always be done to conclude with confidence that Aelbert Cuyp is the genuine source of such great paintings.

In order not to interfere with Big Bang nucleosynthesis and the cosmic microwave background, it must not cluster in haloes like baryons and dark matter.

The dipole anisotropy and others due to Earth's annual motion relative to the Sun and numerous microwave sources in the galactic plane and elsewhere must be subtracted out to reveal the extremely tiny variations characterizing the fine-scale structure of the CMBR background.

In 1951, he summed up his vision as follows: " If the camera is to make a contribution at all to dance, this must be the focal point of its contribution ; the fluid background, giving each spectator an undistorted and altogether similar view of dancer and background.

Extension blocks that modify an image ( like the Graphic Control Extension that specifies the optional animation delay time and optional transparent background color ) must immediately precede the segment with the image they refer to.

The three sides of the beams visible from the playing field must be painted alternatingly in two contrasting colors which both have to contrast against the background.

... While often employing concepts shared with Hinduism and Buddhism, the result of a common cultural and linguistic background, the Jain tradition must be regarded as an independent phenomenon.

“ The same old game is played again ,” Nehru wrote bitterly to Gandhi, “ the background is the same, the various epithets are the same and the actors are the same and the results must be the same .”

" The Scots Observer of 5 July 1890 asks why Wilde must " go grubbing in muck-heaps ?” Wilde responded to such criticisms by curtailing some of the homoerotic overtones, and by adding six chapters to the book in an effort to add background.

All persons whose names are put forward to the Queen for approval must first undergo background checks by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Canadian Security Intelligence Service.

To appreciate the innovative value of the DQDB MAC algorithm, it must be seen against the background of LAN protocols at that time, which were based on broadcast ( such as ethernet IEEE 802. 3 ) or a ring ( like token ring IEEE 802. 5 and FDDI ).

This provides a convenient rule of thumb for why microwave equipment must be sensitive on both sides of this frequency band, in order to do effective research on the cosmic microwave background.

To these men must be added Marcus Aurelius Aurelianus ( the future emperor Aurelian ) and Marcus Aurelius Probus ( another emperor in waiting ), both men of Balkan background, and from families enfranchised in the time of Caracalla.

The appearance of these two monumental collections of Catholic polyphony reflects the hopes which the recusant community must have harboured for an easier life under the new king James I, who came from a Catholic background himself.

The actor or model must be separated from the background and placed into a specially-made " hole " in the background footage.

A chroma key subject must avoid wearing clothes which are similar in color to the chroma key color ( s ) ( unless intentional ), because the clothing may be replaced with the background video.

With other imaging and hardware, many companies avoid the confusion often experienced by weather presenters, who must otherwise watch themselves on a monitor to see the image shown behind them, by lightly projecting a copy of the background image onto the blue / green screen.

The purpose set forth at the beginning of this book was first to introduce the reader to a general background knowledge of the various types and capabilities of the forecasting methods already in use, so that he might then be in a position to evaluate for himself the validity of the rather astonishing empirical correlation that is to follow, and to appraise the forecast that its interpretation suggests for the future of farm prices over the years immediately ahead.

If the destination background is opaque, then, and if you enter it to the upper equation:

One nibble of such a byte then controlled the foreground color, and the other nibble controlled the background color, a system very similar to the Sinclair ZX Spectrum, in fact in the 256x192 mode the display mode was virtually identical to the video of the Sinclair ZX Spectrum.

The first of the five books begins with some geographical background, and then sketches the history of England, beginning with Caesar's invasion in 55 BC.

Also Melodrama, in its historical meaning of the then popular romantic genre of " spoken words to a background of music ", was something Satie avoided.

Georges Méliès first used superimposition on a dark background in la Caverne maudite ( The Cave of the Demons ) made a couple of months later in 1898, and then elaborated it further with multiple superimpositions in the one shot in l ' Homme de têtes ( The Troublesome Heads ).

As well as all this there was Griffith's habit of moving the action into another shot in an adjoining space, and then back again if it was at all possible, which produced a marked change in background, which also made its small contribution to the discontinuity between shots.

Most of its releases begin with these stories then add background material to explain the settings ( often as alternate worlds whose history diverges from our own ), adventures, and other game material.

He then devoted the third verse of the song to dissing Ice-T, mocking his rap ability (" take your rhymes around the corner to rap rehab "), his background (" before you rapped, you was a downtown car thief "), and his style (" a brother with a perm deserves to get burned ").

And in 1984, when Joseph Ratzinger, then Cardinal Prefect of that Congregation, stated that he rejected the claim that children who die unbaptised cannot attain salvation, he was speaking for many academic theologians of his training and background.

Rhythm and background parts can be sequenced in advance, and then played back onstage.

This technique is then carefully hidden by background lines, such as windows, doors, etc.

Using an Irish-produced magnetic system – on which animated characters were attached to a painted background, and then photographed through a 45 degree mirror – he persuaded Peter Firmin, who was then teaching at the Central School of Art, to create the background scenes.

The question which then arises is whether the paradox is to be understood in the context of absolutely no background information ( as Hempel suggests ), or in the context of the background information which we actually possess regarding ravens and black objects, or with regard to all possible configurations of background information.

Levels peaked about 24 hours after the display, and then decreased to the pre-fireworks background within 20-to 80 days.

If the beam does not fill more than a third of the beam profiler ’ s sensor area, then there will be a significant number of pixels at the edges of the sensor that register a small baseline value ( the background value ).

If steel plate is used, then the plate's natural tooth gives the print a grey background similar to the effects of aquatinting.

The bluescreen shot was then rephotographed again, this time through a red and green filter so that only the foreground image was cast on film, creating a black silhouette on an unexposed ( clear ) background.

The background image is then rephotographed through the male matte, and the shot rephotographed through the female matte.

If the color at a particular point on the screen matches ( either exactly, or in a range ), then the video at that point is replaced by the alternate background video.