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The balance of trade, or net exports ( sometimes symbolized as NX ), is the difference between the monetary value of exports and imports of output in an economy over a certain period.
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balance and trade
Its purpose was to find ways of offsetting the United States' declining balance of trade for 1958 and 1959.
Because the differences between the prices are likely to be small ( and not to last very long ), this can be done profitably only with computers examining a large number of prices and automatically exercising a trade when the prices are far enough out of balance.
A positive balance is known as a trade surplus if it consists of exporting more than is imported ; a negative balance is referred to as a trade deficit or, informally, a trade gap.
The balance of trade is sometimes divided into a goods and a services balance.
Early understanding of the functioning of balance of trade informed the economic policies of Early Modern Europe that are grouped under the heading mercantilism.
" Similarly a systematic and coherent explanation of balance of trade was made public through Thomas Mun's c1630 " England's treasure by forraign trade, or, The balance of our forraign trade is the rule of our treasure "
The balance of trade encompasses the activity of exports and imports, like the work of this cargo ship going through the Panama Canal.
The balance of trade forms part of the current account, which includes other transactions such as income from the international investment position as well as international aid.
The trade balance is identical to the difference between a country's output and its domestic demand ( the difference between what goods a country produces and how many goods it buys from abroad ; this does not include money re-spent on foreign stock, nor does it factor in the concept of importing goods to produce for the domestic market ).
Measuring the balance of trade can be problematic because of problems with recording and collecting data.
As an illustration of this problem, when official data for all the world's countries are added up, exports exceed imports by almost 1 %; it appears the world is running a positive balance of trade with itself.
Factors that can affect the balance of trade include:
In addition, the trade balance is likely to differ across the business cycle.
balance and net
On net balance, in spite of Controller Gerosa's opposition to the new Charter as an invasion of his office, the Controller will have the opportunity for greater usefulness to good government than he has now.
At the exact midpoint between the two pKa values, the trace amount of net negative and trace of net positive ions exactly balance, so that average net charge of all forms present is zero.
The Black Sea has a positive water balance ; that is, a net outflow of water 300 km < sup > 3 </ sup > per year through the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles into the Aegean Sea.
If F ( r ) represents gravity, it is a negative term proportional to 1 / r < sup > 2 </ sup >, so the net acceleration in r in the rotating frame depends on a difference of reciprocal square and reciprocal cube terms, which are in balance in a circular orbit but otherwise typically not.
El Salvador's balance of payments continued to show a net surplus.
Fig. 1 During Steady-state ( chemical engineering ) | steady, continuous operation, an energy balance applied to an open system equates shaft work performed by the system to heat added plus net enthalpy added
If the moments of the aligned and anti-aligned ions balance completely so as to have zero net magnetization, despite the magnetic ordering, then it is an antiferromagnet.
Establishing accounts depends on the size of companies, and referring to three criteria: total of the balance sheet ( total of assets without losses of the accounting year ), the net amount of the turnover ( net, such as it appears on the profit and loss account ) and the average number of the workforce.
A deterioration in the merchandise trade balance due to strong import growth has been offset by improvements in net income and transfers, with a small improvement in the current account deficit to 12 percent of GDP.
At equilibrium, evaporation and condensation processes exactly balance and there is no net change in the volume of either phase.
The population as a whole has remained stable in the 1990s, although this is the result of a negative natural balance and a positive net migration.
Some countries ' governments will require declaration of the tax payers ' balance sheet ( assets and liabilities ), and from that exact a tax on net worth ( assets minus liabilities ), as a percentage of the net worth, or a percentage of the net worth exceeding a certain level.
A common synonym for " net profit " when discussing financial statements ( which include a balance sheet and an income statement ) is the bottom line.
Where divergence is occurring in the upper atmosphere, there will be air coming in to try to balance the net loss of mass ( this is called the principle of mass conservation ), and there is a resulting upward motion ( positive vertical velocity ).
The ( total ) net cash flow of a company over a period ( typically a quarter or a full year ) is equal to the change in cash balance over this period: positive if the cash balance increases ( more cash becomes available ), negative if the cash balance decreases.
( net balance + 100 ) has been adopted to construct the index, where the index above 100 points indicate an optimism ( positive
Companies, whether listed or not, having net worth of more than INR 500 crore will convert their opening balance sheet as at April 1, 2013.
balance and exports
Since then, consistent liberalization and astute economic management has led to the removal of 95 % of all price controls, low unemployment, a positive balance of payments position, a stable exchange rate, a shift of exports from former communist economic bloc markets to Western Europe, and relatively low foreign debt.
The value of exports amounted to US $ 1. 9 billion in 1996, but the contribution to the trade balance was only US $ 520 million because many of the basic materials for the free zones had to be imported and paid for.
Oil accounts for 40 % of exports and contributes to maintaining a positive trade balance.
The EU is Egypt ’ s biggest trading partner currently accounting for 42 % of Egyptian exports and 37 % of imports, with the balance of trade still in the EU's favour.
For countries that rely on service exports or on tourism, the invisible balance is particularly important.
' Balance of trade ' refers to the trade of both tangible ( physical ) objects as well as the trade in services – collectively known as exports and imports ( in other words, ' visibles plus services ') – while the ' balance of payments ' also includes transfers of Capital in the form of loans, investments in shares or direct investment in projects.
In a similar way, a nation may also have a surplus ' balance of trade ' because it exports more than it imports but a negative ( or deficit ) ' balance of payments ' because, it has a much greater shortfall in transfers of capital.
Callaghan's time as chancellor was to be during a time of crisis ; with high inflation, high unemployment and an unstable economy with a deficit in the budget, a deficit in the balance of import and exports and most importantly conflict over the value of the pound.
The medium-term outlook for exports is encouraging, since a number of foreign investment projects should lead to substantial export growth and a better trade balance.
Doing so will raise the cost of imports and lower the cost of exports, leading to an improvement in its trade balance.
One of the largest industries in Almaty is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor to the Kazakhstan's balance of payments.
It emphasised the maintenance of a high positive trade balance ( maximising exports and minimising imports ) as a means of accumulating this bullion.
In the post-war period, the Danish government closely regulated exports and imports to maintain the country's balance of trade.
For example, if a country is importing more than it exports, its trade balance will be in deficit, but the shortfall will have to be counterbalanced in other ways – such as by funds earned from its foreign investments, by running down central bank reserves or by receiving loans from other countries.
It is the sum of the balance of trade ( net earnings on exports minus payments for imports ), factor income ( earnings on foreign investments minus payments made to foreign investors ) and cash transfers.
Visible trade recorded imports and exports of physical goods ( entries for trade in physical goods excluding services is now often called the merchandise balance ).
The onset of the depression created critical balance of payment deficits, and it was largely the extension of imperial protection by Britain that gave Canada the opportunity to increase their exports to the British market.
The player must also strike a balance between imports, exports and taxes to keep his town financially strong.
The cheese's creation was hailed by Peter Walker, then Agriculture Minister, who said it would improve the balance of payments by replacing imports and becoming " one of our most successful cheese exports ".
Another name for net exports is the trade balance, as it tells us the difference between imports and exports from being equal.
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