As it passes each point the intensity of the beam is varied, varying the luminance of that point.

The radiation beam passes through this flame at its longest axis, and the flame gas flow-rates may be adjusted to produce the highest concentration of free atoms.

The burner height may also be adjusted, so that the radiation beam passes through the zone of highest atom cloud density in the flame, resulting in the highest sensitivity.

This glowing plasma is excited and then acts as the active laser medium | gain medium through which the internal beam passes, as it is reflected between the two mirrors.

When a beam of white light passes from air into a material having an index of refraction that varies with frequency, a phenomenon known as dispersion occurs, in which different coloured components of the white light are refracted at different angles, i. e., they bend by different amounts at the interface, so that they become separated.

The beam passes through pairs of scanning coils or pairs of deflector plates in the electron column, typically in the final lens, which deflect the beam in the x and y axes so that it scans in a raster fashion over a rectangular area of the sample surface.

The Gouy phase indicates that as a Gaussian beam passes through a focus, it acquires an additional phase shift of π, in addition to the usual phase shift that would be expected from a plane wave.

Newton observed that when a narrow beam of sunlight strikes the face of a glass prism at an angle, some is reflected and some of the beam passes into and through the glass, emerging as different colored bands.

In a confocal laser scanning microscope, a laser beam passes through a light source aperture and then is focused by an objective lens into a small ( ideally diffraction limited ) focal volume within or on the surface of a specimen.

A beam splitter separates off some portion of the light into the detection apparatus, which in fluorescence confocal microscopy will also have a filter that selectively passes the fluorescent wavelengths while blocking the original excitation wavelength.

In a single beam instrument ( such as the Spectronic 20 ), all of the light passes through the sample cell.

One beam is used as the reference ; the other beam passes through the sample.

Furthermore, the secondary radiation from lighter elements is of relatively low energy ( long wavelength ) and has low penetrating power, and is severely attenuated if the beam passes through air for any distance.

Transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) is a microscopy technique whereby a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultra thin specimen, interacting with the specimen as it passes through.

In the reflex klystron ( also known as a ' Sutton ' klystron after its inventor, Robert Sutton ), the electron beam passes through a single resonant cavity.

The electron beam is velocity modulated when it first passes through the cavity.

However, the city is almost immediately rebuilt before their eyes as a blue beam of light passes over the ruins.

Holographic laser light shows can split a single Solid State ( DPSS ) laser beam by passing the beam through a passive diffractive holographic optical element, which in turn passes through a circular periodicity electromechanical spinning wheel.

Once this photon beam passes through the film frame, it encounters a series of dichroic mirrors which separate the image into its primary red, green and blue components.

When the wavefront passes through them, the amplifiers release some of the light energy stored in them into the beam.

A dilute suspension of cells is passed through a flow cell, which passes cells one at a time through a capillary tube past a laser beam.

The round cells were reproducibly positioned in the light beam which entered the thermostated mineral oil-bath through a window.

The light beam from the lamp was filtered through a half-standard thickness Corning 1840 filter.

When a beam of silver atoms was passed through a specially shaped magnetic field, the beam was split based on the direction of an atom's angular momentum, or spin.

The current in a beam of cathode rays through a tube can be controlled by passing it through a metal screen of wires ( a grid ) to which a small voltage is applied.

At the regional cable television headend | headend, the TV channels are sent multiplexed on a light beam which travels through optical fiber trunklines, which fan out from distribution hubs to optical nodes in local communities.

At the headend the radio frequency electrical signal carrying all the channels is modulated on a light beam and sent through the fiber.

In the basic version of the experiment, a coherent light source such as a laser beam illuminates a thin plate pierced by two parallel slits, and the light passing through the slits is observed on a screen behind the plate.

Transmission electron microscopes function in a manner similar to overhead projector, with a beam of electrons passing through a slice of material then being projected by lenses on a photographic slide or a charge-coupled device.

In the free electron laser ( FEL ), a relativistic electron beam is passed through a pair of undulators containing arrays of dipole magnets, whose fields are oriented in alternating directions.

The electron beam is accelerated by an anode typically at + 100 keV ( 40 to 400 keV ) with respect to the cathode, focused by electrostatic and electromagnetic lenses, and transmitted through the specimen that is in part transparent to electrons and in part scatters them out of the beam.

A subclass of this is focused ion beam milling, where gallium ions are used to produce an electron transparent membrane in a specific region of the sample, for example through a device within a microprocessor.

He tended to believe the frequency of any beam of light could, by some so far unknown means, be diminished ever stronger, the longer the beam travels through space.

In one of the pivotal experiments in the history of optics, the young Newton shone a narrow beam of sunlight through a prism to produce a rainbow-like band of colors on the wall.

Spatial coherence typically is expressed through the output being a narrow beam which is diffraction-limited, often a so-called " pencil beam.

In a few situations it is possible to obtain lasing with only a single pass of EM radiation through the gain medium, and this produces a laser beam without any need for a resonant or reflective cavity ( see for example nitrogen laser ).

The resonator typically consists of two mirrors between which a coherent beam of light travels in both directions, reflecting back on itself so that an average photon will pass through the gain medium repeatedly before it is emitted from the output aperture or lost to diffraction or absorption.

Fizeau found that at a certain rate of rotation, the beam would pass through one gap in the wheel on the way out and the next gap on the way back.

A free-electron laser, or FEL, is a laser that shares the same optical properties as conventional lasers such as emitting a beam consisting of coherent electromagnetic radiation which can reach high power, but which uses some very different operating principles to form the beam.

To create a FEL, a beam of electrons is accelerated to almost the speed of light.

The lack of suitable mirrors in the extreme ultraviolet and x-ray regimes prevents the operation of a FEL oscillator ; consequently, there must be suitable amplification over a single pass of the electron beam through the undulator to make the FEL worthwhile.

* Electron beam transport system and diagnostics of the Dresden FEL