Ultimate failure leading to collapse can be caused by crushing of the concrete, when compressive stresses exceed its strength ; by yielding or failure of the rebar, when bending or shear stresses exceed the strength of the reinforcement ; or by bond failure between the concrete and the rebar.

This data can include variables such as velocity of impact, crushing force, bending, folding, or torque of the body, and deceleration rates during a collision for use in crash tests.

Bridges may be classified by how the forces of tension, compression, bending, torsion and shear are distributed through their structure.

* There is no need for mechanical structures to withstand bending forces ; vehicles or hulls can be very light or dispensed with all together

An applied force may be tensile ( pulling ) force, compressive ( pushing ) force, shear, bending or torsion ( twisting ) forces.

Andrew Ketterley and Jadis represent an opposite, evil approach of bending the forces of nature to human will for the purpose of self gain.

Unlike the other cable-stayed types shown this bridge exerts considerable overturning force upon its foundation and the spar must resist the bending caused by the cables, as the cable forces are not balanced by opposing cables.

The first case can be a result of tensile ( pulling ) forces, compressive ( pushing ) forces, shear, bending or torsion ( twisting ).

There are useful springs that don't: springs based on beam bending can for example produce forces that vary nonlinearly with displacement.

Light leakage due to bending, splices, connectors, or other outside forces are other factors resulting in attenuation.

The diagrams are also used as a conceptual device to help identify the internal forces — for example, shear forces and bending moments in beams — which are developed within structures.

These compressive and bending forces are carried down to the ground by the diagonal-braced frame ( with added outrigger trusses ).

Now used in rowing skiffs or racing oars to determine forces such as bending load and optimum angle of attack of the blade.

The distinction of the true spaceframe is that all the forces in each strut are either tensile or compression, never bending.

Although somewhat inconvenient, an advantage of the spaceframe is that the same lack of bending forces in the tubes that allow it to be modelled as a pin-jointed structure also means that such a removable section need not reduce the strength of the assembled frame.

The act of pumping a longboard is the bending of ones knees in the direction of a turn to compensate for the gravitational forces in order to maintain speed.

The other type, a helical torsion spring, is a metal rod or wire in the shape of a helix ( coil ) that is subjected to twisting about the axis of the coil by sideways forces ( bending moments ) applied to its ends, twisting the coil tighter.

This terminology can be confusing because in a helical torsion spring the forces acting on the wire are actually bending stresses, not torsional ( shear ) stresses.

This design requires that the spar resist bending and torsional forces and that its foundation resists overturning.

Internal forces and the cross-sectional stress distribution due to bending. The basic design principle is that bending causes more stress in material near the edge or back of the blade than material in the middle, due to leverage.

Spars of all types ( e. g. booms and masts ) are used in the rigging of sailing vessels to provide ( direct or indirect ) support for the sails, and to resist compressive and bending forces.

The wrestler forces the opponent ’ s head down, then quickly jumps, bending at the knees, and hits the opponent in the face or chest.

The honeycomb structure reduces bending due to the breadboard's own weight, so it can be tilted and forces applied via the soft spring supports accelerate the table as a whole without misalignment.

The bending stress on the neck is considerable, particularly when heavier gauge strings are used ( see Tuning ), and the ability of the neck to resist bending ( see Truss rod ) is important to the guitar's ability to hold a constant pitch during tuning or when strings are fretted.

Four basic muscle masses — the radial, the longitudinal and two oblique layers — and the size and attachments points of the tendon masses allow the shortening, extension, bending, and twisting movements accounting for the ability to hold, and manipulate loads of up to.

Though, in a fall with a reverse threaded GriGri, bending the rope sharply under the GriGri provides more than enough friction to hold a falling climber as long as the belayer locks off the rope as they would with a tube style ( passive ) device.

He tucks his head under the opponent's near armpit, and grabs hold of the opponent's near leg, bending it fully.

Pliers are a hand tool used to hold objects firmly, for bending, or physical compression.

On the other hand, nylon thread is more suited to peyote stitch because it is softer and more pliable than fishing line, which permits the beads of the stitch to sit straight without undue tension bending the arrangement out of place.

However, each leg can also be shortened and bent by internal muscles ; due to the lack of joints, this bending can take place at any point along the sides of the leg.

Daniel Defoe enlivens this account of the Waveney's Broads course: The River Waveney is a considerable river, and of a deep and full channel, navigable for large barges as high as Beccles ; it runs for a course of about fifty miles, between the two counties of Suffolk and Norfolk, as a boundary to both ; and pushing on, tho ' with a gentle stream, towards the sea, no one would doubt, but, that when they see the river growing broader and deeper, and going directly towards the sea, even to the edge of the beach ; that is to say, within a mile of the main ocean ; no stranger, I say, but would expect to see its entrance into the sea at that place, and a noble harbour for ships at the mouth of it ; when on a sudden, the land rising high by the sea-side, crosses the head of the river, like a dam, checks the whole course of it, and it returns, bending its course west, for two miles, or thereabouts ; and then turning north, thro ' another long course of meadows ( joining to those just now mention'd ) seeks out the River Yare, that it may join its water with hers, and find their way to the sea together.

The " bending " of the frets allows the plucked strings open pitch to be exactly in tune with that of a fretted note on an entirely different place of the keyboard.

Taqaandan, which comes from a Kurdish word meaning " to click ," involves bending the top part of the erect penis while holding the lower part of the shaft in place, until a click is heard and felt.

Therefore the tips must contain the photoreceptor cells although the bending takes place lower down on the shoot.

When a slender member is subjected to an axial force, failure takes place due to bending or torsion rather than direct compression of the material.

Make sure the area is clear to 36 " around the bending area to avoid tripping and falling and that all guarding is in place.

He played in the 1974 FIFA World Cup ( three times ) and the 1978 FIFA World Cup ( four times ), and scored one of the most stunning goals in World Cup history, in the third place match against Italy in 1978: he struck it into the far corner with the outside of his right foot, bending it round the sprawling Dino Zoff.

Escaping from the hands of Lapu-Lapu ’ s men who were bending on revenge for the raping of 50 virgins of Cebu, the ship Trinidad sailed towards the direction of Getafe-Talibon where some of the crew disembarked and mingled with the natives of the place.

Spoon bending through Psi would also be a form of anomalous operation.

Although the bending of light can also be derived by extending the universality of free fall to light, the angle of deflection resulting from such calculations is only half the value given by general relativity.

The vibrato might also be achieved via rapid glottal ( vocal fold ) opening and closing, especially on draws ( inhalation ) simultaneous to bending, or without bending.

When a body at these points is perturbed, it moves away from the point, but the factor opposite of that which is increased or decreased by the perturbation ( either gravity or angular momentum-induced speed ) will also increase or decrease, bending the object's path into a stable, kidney-bean-shaped orbit around the point ( as seen in the rotating frame of reference ).

Astronauts also found that bending over in weightlessness to put on socks or tie shoelaces strained their stomach muscles.

If a material with high strength in tension, such as steel, is placed in concrete, then the composite material, reinforced concrete, resists not only compression but also bending and other direct tensile actions.

The draft of the sail can be reduced in stronger winds by use of a cunningham and outhaul, and also by bending the mast and increasing the downward pressure of the boom by use of a boom vang.

Depending on sanctioning organization and region, other events such as breakaway roping, goat tying, or pole bending may also be a part of some rodeos.

This is also the idea of general relativity where particles move on geodesics and the bending is caused by the gravity.

He noted that animals ' masses increase disproportionately to their size, and their bones must consequently also disproportionately increase in girth, adapting to loadbearing rather than mere size the bending strength of a tubular structure such as a bone is increased relative to its weight.

The packing of lipids within the bilayer also affects its mechanical properties, including its resistance to stretching and bending.

By allowing also isometric ( or near-isometric ) deformations like bending, the intrinsic geometry of the object will stay the same, while sub-parts might be located at very different positions in space.

Beyond these, rotating wrists, bending knees, and a swiveling waist are also common.

Walking on bound feet necessitated bending the knees slightly and swaying to maintain proper movement and balance, a dainty walk that was also considered sexually enticing to men.

Although differential hardening produces a very hard edge, it also leaves the rest of the sword rather soft, which can make it prone to bending under heavy loads, such as parrying a hard blow.

The Nez Perce Stake Race is a type of pole bending race which is also a match race: two horses race on identical courses laid out side-by-side, with the loser eliminated and the winner moving up the brackets to race the other winners.

Circuit bending, the intentional short-circuiting of low power electronic devices to create new musical devices, also plays a significant role on the hardware end of glitch music and its creation.

It is also used in punching and bending operations.

Note bending and some forms of extended playing techniques are also complicated by the presence of doubled strings.

Because on the inside of the bend the turns of a close-wound helix can't get any closer together, the bending causes the turns to separate on the outside of the bend, and so at the centerline of the housing, there must also be an increase of length with increasing bend.

While all other versions of the DIN plug are generally very reliable, the two-pin DIN plug is considered inferior in some ways-the lack of the outer sheath means far less force is required to disconnect the plug accidentally, makes it more prone to bending or shifting of the pins during use, and also not as solidly seated in its socket-worn two-pin speaker plugs on audio equipment are notorious for being very unreliable, often requiring only the slightest nudge to break contact.

A key fact for understanding both overblowing and bending on such an instrument: a free reed mounted over a reedplate slot will normally respond to air flows that pull it initially into the slot, i. e., as a closing reed, but, at only slightly higher air pressure from the opposite side, will also respond as an opening reed ; the resulting pitch is generally just less than a semitone higher than the closing-reed pitch.