* I < sub > CC </ sub > is the transistor collector current in NPN bipolar junction transistors

* 1948 – William Shockley files the original patent for the grown junction transistor, the first bipolar junction transistor.

The example diagram shows bipolar junction transistors.

The circuit operation is based on the fact that the forward-biased base-emitter junction of the switched-on bipolar transistor can provide a path for the capacitor restoration.

The bipolar junction transistor ( BJT ), the first type of transistor to be mass-produced, is a combination of two junction diodes, and is formed of either a thin layer of p-type semiconductor sandwiched between two n-type semiconductors ( an n-p-n transistor ), or a thin layer of n-type semiconductor sandwiched between two p-type semiconductors ( a p-n-p transistor ).

Triodes were widely used in consumer electronics until the 1950s, when bipolar junction transistors replaced them.

* June 26 – William Shockley files the original patent for the grown junction transistor, the first bipolar junction transistor.

An NPN bipolar junction transistor structure

This structure went on to be used for the vast majority of all transistors into the 1960s, and evolved into the bipolar junction transistor.

The MOSFET is by far the most common transistor in both digital and analog circuits, though the bipolar junction transistor was at one time much more common.

JFET gate current ( the reverse leakage of the gate-to-channel junction ) is comparable to that of a MOSFET ( which has insulating oxide between gate and channel ), but much less than the base current of a bipolar junction transistor.

This reduces the saturation of the slow, large P-N junction bipolar transistors that would otherwise lead to long recovery times.

A phototransistor is in essence a bipolar transistor encased in a transparent case so that light can reach the base-collector junction.

Transistor – transistor logic ( TTL ) is a class of digital circuits built from bipolar junction transistors ( BJT ) and resistors.

A bipolar junction transistor ( BJT or bipolar transistor ) is a type of transistor that relies on the contact of two types of semiconductor for its operation.

Simplified cross section of a planar NPN bipolar junction transistor

The bipolar junction transistor, unlike other transistors, is usually not a symmetrical device.

An IGBT cell is constructed similarly to a n-channel vertical construction power MOSFET except the n + drain is replaced with a p + collector layer, thus forming a vertical PNP bipolar junction transistor.

This additional p + region creates a cascade connection of a PNP bipolar junction transistor with the surface n-channel MOSFET.

* Electronics, η stands for the ideality factor of a bipolar transistor, and has a value close to 1. 000.

The FET is said to be in saturation mode ; some authors refer to it as active mode, for a better analogy with bipolar transistor operating regions.

* The IGBT ( insulated-gate bipolar transistor ) is a device for power control.

An " instance " could be anything from a MOSFET transistor or a bipolar transistor, to a resistor, capacitor, or integrated circuit chip.

Instead, what Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley invented in 1947 was the first bipolar point-contact transistor.

A simple circuit diagram to show the labels of a NPN bipolar transistor.

A bipolar transistor has terminals labeled base, collector, and emitter.

The image to the right represents a typical bipolar transistor in a circuit.

** Heterojunction bipolar transistor, up to several hundred GHz, common in modern ultrafast and RF circuits

** Insulated gate bipolar transistors ( IGBTs ) use a medium power IGFET, similarly connected to a power BJT, to give a high input impedance.

The heterojunction bipolar transistor ( HBT ) is an improvement of the BJT that can handle signals of very high frequencies up to several hundred GHz.

In electronics, a common-base ( also known as grounded-base ) amplifier is one of three basic single-stage bipolar junction transistor ( BJT ) amplifier topologies, typically used as a current buffer or voltage amplifier.

In electronics, a common-collector amplifier ( also known as an emitter follower or BJT voltage follower ) is one of three basic single-stage bipolar junction transistor ( BJT ) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage buffer.

In this bipolar junction transistor ( BJT ) implementation ( figure 4 ) of the general idea above, a Zener voltage stabilizer ( R1 and DZ1 ) drives an emitter follower ( Q1 ) loaded by a constant emitter resistor ( R2 ) sensing the load current.

Devices such as gate turn-off thyristors, bipolar junction transistors ( BJT ), and MOSFET transistors provide full switching control and can be turned on or off without regard to the current flow through them.

The heterojunction bipolar transistor ( HBT ) is a type of bipolar junction transistor ( BJT ) which uses differing semiconductor materials for the emitter and base regions, creating a heterojunction.

The cascode circuit can also be built using bipolar transistors, or MOSFETs, or even one FET ( or MOSFET ) and one BJT.

It was in the 1960s that the bipolar dominance of England and Australia in world cricket was seriously challenged for the first time.

Carbamazepine became widely used to treat bipolar disorder in the late 1980s and early 1990s, but was displaced by sodium valproate in the 1990s.

Of the treatments CBT was found to be presumed or proven effective at treating schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress, anxiety disorders, bulimia, anorexia, personality disorders and alcohol dependency.

Dr John Frederick Joseph Cade AO ( 18 January 1912 – 16 November 1980 ) was an Australian psychiatrist credited with discovering ( in 1948 ) the effects of lithium carbonate as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder ( then known as manic depression ).

It was at an unused kitchen in Bundoora where he conducted crude experiments which led to the discovery of lithium as a treatment of bipolar disorder.

In a 1999 Journal of Affective Disorders article, a hypothesis was suggested that the phase of the moon may in the past have had an effect on individuals with bipolar disorder by providing light during nights which would otherwise have been dark, and affecting susceptible individuals through the well-known route of sleep deprivation.

In the eastern Mediterranean region it was unipolar major depression ( 12 %) and schizophrenia ( 7 %), and in Africa it was unipolar major depression ( 7 %) and bipolar disorder ( 5 %).

Carbamazepine was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a bipolar disorder treatment in 2005, but had been widely used previously.

Riluzole was tested for bipolar depression by Dr. Husseini Manji and colleagues.

In the movie, the character of Whitacre is portrayed as illustrating bizarre behavior, such as often being delusional, manic, compulsively lying, and was eventually learned that Whitacre was suffering from bipolar disorder.

The division of the major psychoses into manic depressive illness ( now called bipolar disorder ) and dementia praecox ( now called schizophrenia ) was made by Emil Kraepelin, who attempted to create a synthesis of the various mental disorders identified by 19th century psychiatrists, by grouping diseases together based on classification of common symptoms.

This was the first of many major breakdowns she suffered related to bipolar disorder.

The larger main memory was made possible through the use of 4, 096 x 1-bit bipolar RAM ICs with a 25 ns access time.

There was no difference in whole-brain grey matter volume between patients with bipolar I disorder and healthy controls.

Close was a founder and is chairperson of BringChange2Mind, a US campaign to eradicate the stigma and discrimination surrounding mental illness, supporting her sister Jessie who has bipolar illness.

Until the advent of programmable logic, discrete bipolar logic was used to prototype and emulate microarchitectures under development.

Cheetah was originally planned to be manufactured using bipolar emitter-coupled logic ( ECL ) technology, but by 1984 complementary metal – oxide – semiconductor ( CMOS ) technology afforded an increase in the level of circuit integration while improving transistor-logic performance.

It is also arguable, says one biographer, that she was bipolar.

A large serological study in the United States found evidence that Toxoplasma infection was elevated in a subset of young people with bipolar disorder type I who reported both manic and major depression symptoms.