The Church of Scotland separated from the Roman Catholic Church with the Scottish Reformation in 1560, and the split from it of the Scottish Episcopal Church began in 1582, in the reign of James VI of Scotland, over disagreements about the role of bishops.

" He further asserts that because the Roman Catholic Church does not recognise the Church of England as an apostolic church, a Roman Catholic monarch who abided by their faith's doctrine would be obliged to view Anglican and Church of Scotland archbishops, bishops, and clergy as part of the laity and therefore " lacking the ordained authority to preach and celebrate the sacraments.

In a letter written to King David I of Scotland, the king was asked to send the bishops of Scotland to the Council, which discussed the claims of the Archbishop of York to have jurisdiction over the church in Scotland.

A subsequent public apology was issued to gay and lesbian Anglicans in a " Pastoral Statement " from 182 bishops worldwide, including eight primates ( those of Brazil, Canada, Central Africa, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa and Wales ).

By the time he died in 1625, the Church of Scotland had a full panel of bishops and archbishops.

The Scottish Episcopal Church began as a distinct church in 1582, when the Church of Scotland rejected episcopal government ( by bishops ) and adopted a presbyterian government by elders as well as reformed theology.

In 1584 James VI of Scotland had the Parliament of Scotland pass the Black Acts, appointing two bishops and bringing the Church of Scotland under royal control.

With the 1689 refusal of the Scottish bishops to swear allegiance to William of Orange while King James VII ( James II of England ) lived and had not abdicated, the Presbyterian polity was finally re-established in the Church of Scotland.

As an episcopal denomination, the church is governed by bishops, differentiating it from the national Church of Scotland which is presbyterian and governed by elders.

Category: Anglican bishops by diocese in Scotland

Category: Pre-Reformation bishops in Scotland

– 22 July 1680 ) was a leader of the militant Presbyterians, known as Covenanters, who resisted attempts by the Stuart monarchs to control the affairs of the Church of Scotland, acting through bishops.

In this original church many of the old Lauder family were interred, including two bishops, William de Lawedre, Bishop of Glasgow and Lord Chancellor of Scotland, and Alexander Lauder, Bishop of Dunkeld.

As the Church of Scotland is not governed by bishops, it has no cathedrals in the episcopal sense of the word.

There are no longer bishops in the Church of Scotland in the traditional sense of the word and that church has never sent members to sit in the Westminster House of Lords.

There was no dominant potentate in Moray during the 12th and 13th centuries and the bishops ruled their territories with a great deal of independence, but this ended when King Robert I of Scotland elevated his nephew Thomas Randolph to the Earldom of Moray sometime between 12 April and 29 October 1312.

For most of its post-Reformation history the Church of Scotland has not had bishops, dioceses, or cathedrals.

The commone and most probable reporte is that the renouned Prince Robert Bruisse, King of Scotland, at such tyme as he banished B. Henrie Cheyne from his sea, and drave him out of Scotland beside, did command for to sequester the bishops yeerlie revenue to be imployed towards pious uses, and that this bridge ( which is lyke to be true ) was builted with a part of that revenue.

It is viewed as a product of the agenda of Liber Pontificalis — this section of the book was probably written in the late fifth century — to show an ancient pattern of the earliest bishops of Rome ruling the church by papal decree.

While the bishop of Rome had always been viewed as the chief patriarch in the Western church, much of the pope's authority was delegated to local diocesan bishops.

The movement was not encouraged by the Irish bishops, who viewed its extremism with suspicion and desired not to become associated with Fr.

Changes to education led to a ministerial meeting with three Church of Ireland bishops over what was viewed as a disproportionate level of cuts to be suffered by Protestant Secondary schools.

According to this doctrine, modern bishops, therefore, must be viewed as part of an unbroken line of leadership in succession from the original apostles: though they do not have the authority and powers granted uniquely to the apostles, they are the apostles ' successors in governing the Church.

For him the key to the kingdom's spiritual revival was to appoint pious, learned, and trustworthy bishops and abbots.

According to recent academics, Athanasius, growing impatient, took a small number of bishops who supported his claim, and held a private consecration making him bishop.

Beauclerc was sceptical because most the bishops of England supported Anacletus II ; he convinced him to support Innocent.

In 1173 Pope Alexander III, after reprimanding certain bishops for having permitted veneration of a man who was far from being a saint, decreed: " You shall not therefore presume to honour him in the future ; for, even if miracles were worked through him, it is not lawful for you to venerate him as a saint without the authority of the Catholic Church.

In 602 the bishops assembled to judge him.

However, the best modern analysis of the sources of the creed ( by A. de Halleux, in Revue Theologique de Louvain 7, 1976 ) and a reading of the acts, or proceedings, of the council ( recently translated into English ) show that the bishops considered Cyril the great authority and that even the language of ' two natures ' derives from him.

The assembled bishops informed the pope that a copy of all the " Acta " would be transmitted to him ; in March, 453, Pope Leo commissioned Julian of Cos, then at Constantinople, to make a collection of all the Acts and translate them into Latin.

Cyril is counted among the Church Fathers and the Doctors of the Church, and his reputation within the Christian world has resulted in his titles Pillar of Faith and Seal of all the Fathers, but Theodosius II, the Roman Emperor, condemned him for behaving like a " proud pharaoh ", and the Nestorian bishops at the Council of Ephesus declared him a heretic, labelling him as a " monster, born and educated for the destruction of the church.

However, when John of Antioch and the other pro-Nestorius bishops finally reached Ephesus, they assembled their own Council, condemned Cyril for heresy, deposed him from his see, and labelled him as a monster, born and educated for the destruction of the church.

All the clergy of Alexandria and Lower Egypt honored him with the appellation “ Papas ,” which means “ Our Father ,” as the Senior and Elder Bishop among all bishops, within the Egyptian Province, who are under his jurisdiction.

Ordinations by Burdinus and the bishops consecrated by him are invalid.

The ordinations made by the heresiarch Burdinus after his condemnation by the Roman Church, as also those made by the bishops consecrated by him after that point of time, we declare to be invalid.

If he disregards the third admonition the bishop, either with the advice of the metropolitan or with that of two or one of the neighboring bishops, shall pronounce the sentence of anathema against the violator and in writing denounce him to all the bishops.

When the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Sancroft, and six other bishops ( the Seven Bishops ) wrote to James asking him to reconsider his policies, they were arrested on charges of seditious libel, but at trial they were acquitted to the cheers of the London crowd.

Before the commencement of the Holy Liturgy, the bishop-elect professes, in the middle of the church before the seated bishops who will consecrate him, in detail the doctrines of the Orthodox Christian Faith and pledges to observe the canons of the Apostles and Councils, the Typikon and customs of the Orthodox Church and to obey ecclesiastical authority.

In the Roman Catholic Church, bishops, like priests, are celibate and thus unmarried ; further, a bishop is said to possess the fullness of the sacrament of Holy Orders, empowering him to ordain deacons, priests, and – with papal consent – other bishops.

If a bishop, especially one acting as an ordinary – a head of a diocese or archdiocese – is to be ordained, three bishops must usually co-consecrate him with one bishop, usually an archbishop or the bishop of the place, being the chief consecrating prelate.

The bishops, who were divided, satisfied themselves with forbidding him to speak further on the controversy.