Brownian motion or pedesis ( from " leaping ") is the presumably random moving of particles suspended in a fluid ( a liquid or a gas ) resulting from their bombardment by the fast-moving atoms or molecules in the gas or liquid.

While people expected elements with higher atomic number to form from neutron bombardment of lighter elements, nobody expected neutrons to have enough energy to actually split a heavier atom into two light element fragments, and it was thought still more unlikely that slow neutrons could accomplish such a task.

Bohr grabbed him by the shoulder and said: “ Young man, let me explain to you about something new and exciting in physics .” It was clear to a number of scientists at Columbia that they should try to detect the energy released in the nuclear fission of uranium from neutron bombardment.

However, subsequent bombardment from American naval vessels leaves it gravely wounded.

* 1777 – American Revolutionary War: Siege of Fort Ticonderoga – After a bombardment by British artillery under General John Burgoyne, American forces retreat from Fort Ticonderoga, New York.

Following several weeks of aerial bombardment, a U. S .- led United Nations ( UN ) coalition began a ground assault on 23 February 1991 that completely removed Iraqi forces from Kuwait in four days.

The Imperial Navy's tasks were then to prevent any invasion force from landing and to protect coastal towns from possible bombardment.

# Hadean: dominated by heavy bombardment from about 4. 51, ( possibly including a Cool Early Earth period ) to the end of the Late Heavy Bombardment period.

Sputtering is a process whereby atoms are ejected from a solid target material due to bombardment of the target by energetic particles.

The lyrics come from " Defence of Fort McHenry ", a poem written in 1814 by the 35-year-old lawyer and amateur poet, Francis Scott Key, after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry by the British Royal Navy ships in Chesapeake Bay during the Battle of Fort McHenry in the War of 1812.

After the bombardment, certain British gunboats attempted to slip past the fort and effect a landing in a cove to the west of it, but they were turned away by fire from nearby Fort Covington, the city's last line of defense.

Greaves noted at the time of her research: " it is likely that planets will experience constant bombardment from asteroids of the kind believed to have wiped out the dinosaurs.

One of the first " sister city " projects was that established between Stalingrad and England's Coventry during World War II ( as both suffered extensive devastation from aerial bombardment ).

* April 18 – Danish-Prussian War ( Second War of Schleswig ) – Battle of Dybbøl: The Prussian army fielding 10, 000 men defeats the Danish defending army of 9, 200 at Dybbøl Mill, after an artillery bombardment from April 7 to April 18.

The prospect of aerial bombardment of civilian areas was causing the government anxiety with heavy bombers able to approach from altitudes that anti-aircraft guns of the day were unable to reach.

Malaysian Army conduct the artillery bombardment from remote locations which targeted CPM positions in the Malaysian Thai border which the artillery was transported using a under slung.

X-10 was a demonstration plant for the process to produce plutonium from uranium by nuclear bombardment.

Many naturally-occurring radioisotopes ( another 51 or so, for a total of about 339 ) exhibit still shorter half-lives than 80 million years, but they are made freshly, as daughter products of decay processes of primordial nuclides ( for example, radium from uranium ) or from ongoing energetic reactions, such as cosmogenic nuclides produced by present bombardment of Earth by cosmic rays ( for example, carbon-14 made from nitrogen ).

Natural processes which produce trace radioisotopes include cosmic ray bombardment of stable nuclides, ordinary alpha and beta decay of the long-lived heavy nuclides, Thorium-232, Uranium-238, and Uranium-235, spontaneous fission of natural Uranium-238, and nuclear transmutation reactions induced by natural radioactivity, such as the production of Plutonium-239 and Uranium-236 from neutron capture

These developments prompted calls from the German civilian public for a bombardment of the city.

Triton's reddish colour is thought to be the result of methane ice, which is converted to tholins under bombardment from ultraviolet radiation.

In addition, new technologies and tactics were developed, making most defences obsolete ; this led to the construction of star forts, specifically designed to withstand artillery bombardment though these too ( along with the Martello Tower ) would find themselves rendered obsolete when explosive and armour piercing rounds made even these types of fortifications vulnerable.

To complicate matters, neutralization methods employed in other surface analysis techniques, such as secondary ion mass spectrometry ( SIMS ), are not applicable to AES, as these methods usually involve surface bombardment with either electrons or ions ( i. e. flood gun ).

By 17 May these were ready, and the bombardment began.

As the British and Hanoverians advanced the French pushed forward the four small three-pound battalion guns of the Gardes Françaises brigade and the four of Aubeterre brigade, the fire from these was added to the bombardment from the Redoubt d ' Eu.

Despite these denials, however, the Civil War was actually the largest U. S. covert operation prior to the Afghan-Soviet War, with areas of Laos controlled by North Vietnam subjected to years of intense US aerial bombardment, representing the heaviest bombing campaign in history.

Certain minerals occasionally contain interstitial impurities of radioactive compounds and it is the alpha radiation emitted from these compounds that is responsible for degrading a mineral's crystal structure through internal bombardment.

Among these units was the 16th Bombardment Wing that trained individual bombardment groups.

The noted German artillery commander, Georg Bruchmüller, having served opposite Brusilov's Front at this time, would learn from and adapt these tactics when planning the preparatory bombardment for Operation Michael on the Western Front in 1918.

He was one of the three commissioners sent to Washington, D. C. to negotiate the transfer of federal property to the State of South Carolina ; the failure of these negotiations led directly to the bombardment of one of the highest-profile federal assets within South Carolina, Fort Sumter.

The United States had already instigated a large construction programme ( which was also cut short ) but these large ships were mainly used as anti-aircraft batteries or for shore bombardment.

Proceeding through unfamiliar waters, he took advantage of adverse weather to lay a large quantity of explosive mines along sea lanes extensively used by the enemy and, in addition, delivered a smashing naval bombardment against Japanese shore installations on these islands.

The pockmarks in these stone walls evidence the intensity of the British bombardment of 1777.

The practice of employing artillery to achieve these ends was especially common up until World War I ; since then long range artillery bombardment has been joined by aerial bombardment delivered by aircraft and missiles.

As other weapons exist, notably those using kinetic bombardment, that would not violate these treaties, some private groups and government officials have proposed a Space Preservation Treaty which would ban the placement of any weaponry in outer space.

Most of these died in the Battle of the Atlantic ( 1939-1945 ) or in the strategic air bombardment of Northwest Europe during World War II.

In 1961, faced with the prospect of development in the United States of a anti-ballistic missile ( ABM ) system to intercept conventional ICBMs, the Soviet Union began development of a fractional orbital bombardment system ( FOBS ) to defeat these interceptors.

Under constant artillery and aerial bombardment, the beleaguered forces made several breakout attempts, but these were easily repulsed by the 1st Ukrainian Front armoured forces and the Germans suffered heavy casualties.

This also meant that bridges were needed, and these bridges were made using very old oak, that was planted in the 19th century for the purpose of growing trees for a new national fleet, after having lost the old fleet to the Royal Navy after their bombardment of Copenhagen in September 1807.

During the late 1940s, a series of reserve bombardment groups were assigned to the airport, these being:

* 1898 – After over two months of sea-based bombardment, the United States invasion of Puerto Rico begins with U. S. troops led by General Nelson Miles landing at harbor of Guánica, Puerto Rico.

Upon bombardment with slow neutrons, its uranium-235 isotope will most of the time divide into two smaller nuclei, releasing nuclear binding energy and more neutrons.

During this time, both bombers plus the additional two F-15E planes claimed to have received a " knock off " call directing them to cease the bombardment.

After two days of defending against an enemy with an overwhelming numerical superiority, enduring heavy artillery fire and aerial bombardment, and with many of his troops in open flight, it became obvious to Tang that a general retreat was inevitable.

Which of the two is true has never really been clarified and there is still some discussion about the true intentions of the bombardment.

The Four Courts surrendered after two days bombardment, however Lemass escaped with Ernie O ' Malley and some others.

In World War II, Herington Army Airfield was built and was one of only two fields that processed heavy bombardment crews and equipment staging to the coasts for overseas duty.

Ellsworth soon became known as one of " The Showplaces of SAC " along with Minot AFB and Grand Forks AFB in North Dakota as it continued to fight the Cold War by maintaining two legs of America's strategic triad: strategic bombardment and ICBMs.

After a short artillery bombardment, Davout sent the divisions of Friant and Morand across the Russbach stream, in a flanking attack from the east, while his other two divisions, under Gudin and Puthod were ordered to attack frontally, through the village of Grosshofen.

Despite the superior Austrian tactical position, after about two hours of bombardment, the French managed to put out of action most of the Austrian pieces and cause fast-spreading fires in the village of Markgrafneusiedl.

( His ) squadron, as a part of a task force, participated in the first bombardment of the Buka-Bonis area and in the first daylight bombardment of the Shortland area ... During the night of November 1 – 2, a heavier gunned Japanese naval force was met and decisively defeated with the loss to the enemy of one cruiser and four destroyers sunk, and an additional two cruisers and two destroyers damaged.

He remitted two white flags to them, telling them to hoist the flags when they wished a bombardment from his fleet to cease and to surrender.

Time and again, the British would mount an elaborate, often lengthy, expedition to besiege a pā, which would absorb their bombardment and possibly one or two attacks and then be abandoned by the Māori.

The bombardment continued for another two days but still did very little damage.

After two days of bombardment without effecting a breach, Despard ordered a frontal assault.

It took two weeks to bring the heavy guns into range of the pā, they started the cannon bombardment on 27 December 1845.

Niagara was taken by American forces after a two day bombardment by cannons from Fort Niagara and the American Fleet, followed by a fierce battle.

The bombardment continued for another two days but still did very little damage.

After two days of bombardment without effecting a breach, Despard ordered a frontal assault.

Only two U. S. soldiers died in the bombardment, but that toll included the fort commander Jacob Brown.

On 11 March after a two weeks bombardment that destroyed much of the fortified structures around the city, the final assault started with Allied forces enjoying a crushing superiority over the Ottoman garrison.