It has been proposed, and is thought highly likely by scholars, that " Esdras B " – the canonical Ezra-Nehemiah – is Theodotion's version of this material, and " Esdras A " is the version which was previously in the Septuagint on its own.

This combined time scale is published monthly in Circular T, and is the canonical TAI.

Because there is no canonical well-ordering of all sets, a construction that relies on a well-ordering may not produce a canonical result, even if a canonical result is desired ( as is often the case in category theory ).

The term apocrypha is used with various meanings, including " hidden ", " esoteric ", " spurious ", " of questionable authenticity ", ancient Chinese " revealed texts and objects " and " Christian texts that are not canonical ".

The can be used in Applesoft BASIC as a shortcut for " PRINT ", though spelling out the word is not only acceptable but canonical — Applesoft converted "?

Due to recorded predictions of the destruction of the temple, the Gospel of Mark is believed by many critical scholars to have been composed around or shortly after the fall of Jerusalem due to prophecies assumed to be ex post facto regarding the destruction of the temple, and both traditional and critical scholarly consensus maintains that it was the first written of the four canonical gospels.

The words, " Today I have begotten you ," are omitted from the canonical Gospel of Mark, however, and it is therefore generally believed to have less adoptionist tendencies than the Gospel of the Hebrews.

The canonical example for accumulator use is summing a list of numbers.

The canonical age for the ordination of a deacon was 25 ; Bede's early ordination may mean that his abilities were considered exceptional, but it is also possible that the minimum age requirement was often disregarded.

The Catholic Church does recognise as valid ( though illicit ) ordinations done by breakaway Catholic, Old Catholic or Oriental bishops, and groups descended from them ; it also regards as both valid and licit those ordinations done by bishops of the Eastern churches, so long as those receiving the ordination conform to other canonical requirements ( for example, is an adult male ) and an orthodox rite of episcopal ordination, expressing the proper functions and sacramental status of a bishop, is used ; this has given rise to the phenomenon of episcopi vagantes ( for example, clergy of the Independent Catholic groups which claim apostolic succession, though this claim is rejected by both Orthodoxy and Catholicism ).

While " there is an intentional editorial unity with a cohesive purpose and message in the canonical form of the book ," Job contains many separate elements, some of which may have had an independent existence prior to being incorporated into the present text.

Additionally, Elihu's first spoken words are a confession of his youthful status, being much younger than the three canonical friends, including a claim to be speaking because he cannot bear to remain silent ; it has been suggested that this interesting statement may have been symbolic of a " younger " ( that is to say, later and interpolating ) writer, who has written Elihu's sermon to respond to what he views as morally and theologically scandalous statements being made within the book of Job, and creating the literary device of Elihu to provide what seemed to be a faith-based response to further refute heresy and provide a counter-argument, a need partially provided by God's ambiguous and unspecific response to Job at the end of the book.

The canonical Book of Obadiah is an oracle concerning the divine judgment of Edom and the restoration of Israel.

The only canonical information we have comes from the book that is named for him.

The book of Habakkuk is accepted as canonical by adherents of the Jewish and Christian faiths.

Structured programming, canonical structures: Per the Church-Turing thesis any algorithm can be computed by a model known to be Turing complete, and per Minsky's demonstrations Turing completeness requires only four instruction types — conditional GOTO, unconditional GOTO, assignment, HALT.

It also considers the Hebrew Bible, which is known as the Old Testament, to be canonical.

There is only one instance where the Gospel of Barnabas might be understood as " correcting " a known canonical pericope, so as to record a prophecy by Jesus of the ( unnamed ) Messenger of God:

The authors of the four canonical Christian gospels are known as the four evangelists.

The documented history of Indian religions begins with the historical Vedic religion, the religious practices of the early Indo-Aryans, which were collected and later redacted into the Samhitas ( usually known as the Vedas ), four canonical collections of hymns or mantras composed in archaic Sanskrit.

Dante's epic poems, known collectively as the Commedia, to which another Tuscan poet Giovanni Boccaccio later affixed the title Divina, were read throughout Italy and his written dialect became the " canonical standard " that all educated Italians could understand.

They introduce a generalized momentum, also known as the canonical or conjugate momentum, that extends the concepts of both linear momentum and angular momentum.

In his PhD thesis project, Paul Dirac discovered that the equation for the operators in the Heisenberg representation, as it is now called, closely translates to classical equations for the dynamics of certain quantities in the Hamiltonian formalism of classical mechanics, when one expresses them through Poisson brackets, a procedure now known as canonical quantization.

He is known in particular for his book, Animal Liberation ( 1975 ), a canonical text in animal rights / liberation theory.

The first occasion on 18 February 1946 – which has become known as the " Grand Consistory " – yielded the elevation of a record 32 new cardinals, almost 50 percent of the College of Cardinals and reaching the canonical limit of 70 cardinals.

Yet an area of distinct law known as the Kanuns ( canonical legislation ) was dependent on Suleiman's will alone, covering areas such as criminal law, land tenure and taxation.

It is notable as the first constellation listed in the pair of tablets containing the canonical star lists compiled around 1000 BC, which are thus known as the MUL. APIN by their incipit.

* The crucifixion of Jesus: Jesus of Nazareth's death by crucifixion by Pontius Pilate ( most likely in AD 30 or 33 ), recounted in the four first-century canonical Gospels, is referred to repeatedly as something well known in the earlier letters of Saint Paul, for instance, five times in his First Letter to the Corinthians, written in AD 57 ( 1: 13, 1: 18, 1: 23, 2: 2, 2: 8 ).

The word evangelist comes from the Koine Greek word ( transliterated as " euangelion ") via Latinised " Evangelium ", as used in the canonical titles of the four Gospels, authored by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John ( also known as the Four Evangelists ).

The sources for Pilate's life are the four canonical gospels, Philo of Alexandria, Josephus, a brief mention by Tacitus, and an inscription known as the Pilate Stone, which confirms his historicity and establishes his title as prefect.

Irenaeus of Lyons wrote in the late 2nd century that since there are four quarters of the earth ... it is fitting that the church should have four pillars ... the four Gospels ( Against Heresies, 3. 11. 8 ), and then shortly thereafter made the first known quotation from a fourth gospel — the canonical version of the Gospel of John.

The important find uncovered many textual variants not known from the canonical 7 ( or 10 or 14 ) texts.

Jubilees is considered canonical by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church as well as Jews in Ethiopia, where it is known as the Book of Division ( Ge ' ez: Mets ' hafe Kufale ).

Substituting the previous definition of the conjugate momenta into this equation and matching coefficients, we obtain the equations of motion of Hamiltonian mechanics, known as the canonical equations of Hamilton:

In western Catholicism, canonical hours may also be called offices, since they refer to the official set of prayer of the Roman Catholic Church that is known variously as the Divine Office ( from the Latin officium divinum meaning " divine service " or " divine duty "), and the Opus Dei ( meaning in Latin, " Work of God ").

The early church was known to pray the Psalms (), which has remained a part of the canonical hours and all Christian prayer since.

By 60 AD, the Didache, the oldest known liturgical manual for Christians, recommended disciples to pray the Lord's Prayer three times a day ; this practice found its way into the canonical hours as well.

The Mahāsāṃghika Caitika sects from the Āndhra region took the Jatakas as canonical literature, and are known to have rejected some of the Theravada Jatakas which dated past the time of King Ashoka.

( The form is also known as the canonical one-form, although this can sometimes lead to confusion.

In the canonical debate between Catholics and Protestants controversy remains as to the significance of Trent's omission of the Septuagint version of 1 Esdras which Carthage may have ratified.

Second, the Hebrew source texts used for the Septuagint differed from the Masoretic tradition of Hebrew texts, which was chosen as canonical by the Jewish rabbis.

The canonical acceptance of these books varies among different Christian traditions, and there are canonical books not derived from the Septuagint.

As the variation among parallel manuscript traditions that are exhibited by the Septuagint compared with the Masoretic text and which are embodied in the further variants among the Dead Sea Scrolls have demonstrated, even canonical Hebrew texts did not possess any single ' authorized ' manuscript tradition in the first centuries BC.

The most notable are the St John Fragment, believed to be the oldest extant New Testament text, Rylands Library Papyrus P52, the earliest fragment of the text of the canonical Gospel of John ; the earliest fragment of the Septuagint, Papyrus Rylands 458 ; and Papyrus Rylands 463, a manuscript fragment of the apocryphal Gospel of Mary.

The ESV version of these books is based on a revision of the Revised Standard Version 1977 Expanded Edition (" expanded " taken to mean it includes those books considered canonical by neither Catholics, Orthodox, nor Protestants, such as 4 Esdras and 4 Maccabees, but are nonetheless historically included in major manuscripts of the Vulgate and Septuagint ).

As part of the Septuagint translation of the Old Testament, it is regarded as canonical in the churches of the East, but Apocryphal in the West.