Most bicycle brake systems consist of three main components: a mechanism for the rider to apply the brakes, such as brake levers or pedals ; a mechanism for transmitting that signal, such as Bowden cables, hydraulic hoses, rods, or the bicycle chain ; and the brake mechanism itself, a calliper or drum, to press two or more surfaces together in order to convert, via friction, kinetic energy of the bike and rider into thermal energy to be dissipated.

Bicycles with a single front chainring and rear sprocket ( for example bicycles with hub gears or coaster brake hubs ) may have a master link on the chain which holds the pin in place with an easily removable c-clip.

The components include: crankset comprising cranks and chainrings ; bottom bracket ; chain ; rear chain sprockets or cassette ; front and rear wheel hubs ; gear shift levers ; brakes ; brake levers ; cables ; front and rear gear mechanisms or dérailleurs.

Daimler Motor Company # Motors, launches, cars | Daimler shooting brake 6 hp, twin-cylinder, 1526 cc engine, mounted at the front of the car, four-speed gearbox and chain drive manufactured Coventry 1897 in Britain's first series production run Louwman Museum

First, the guard would use the brake van's brakes to assist with keeping the train under control on downwards gradients and whenever he could see the locomotive's crew was attempting to slow the train ; second, the brakes were left set on at a low setting all the time to ensure the loose chain couplings often used between unfitted cars were kept taut, to minimise the risk of snapped coupling chains from the locomotive " snatching " or jerking, which was particularly problematic in the days of steam locomotives.

The alarm chain in a passenger coach is designed to create a break in the continuity of the brake pipes ( whether vacuum or air brakes ), immediately resulting in a loss of brake pressure ( or vacuum ) and thereby causing the train brakes to be applied.

With vacuum brakes, a clappet valve is provided, which is released by the pulling of the alarm chain ; with air brakes, there is a similar passenger emergency valve which can vent the brake pipe to the air.

The guard may also notice the loss of brake pressure ( although he may not know it is due to the pulling of the alarm chain ) and is expected to apply his brakes immediately also.

This alerts drivers of oncoming trains of the possibility of a derailed or parted rake which may foul other tracks ( since brake pressure may have been lost for those reasons as well ); at the locomotive, it is not possible to tell whether the loss of brake pressure is due to the pulling of the alarm chain.

ACP ( alarm chain pulling ) also causes a small lever to be released near the emergency brake valve ( usually mounted near one end of the coach ), which does not retract to its normal position even when the chain is released.

Until the 1970s a " cord " ( by that time a chain ) was still used, which ran the length of the carriage and connected to a valve at one end which opened the brake pipe.

Pulling the alarm chain on a British train will pull a lever connected to the brake pipe flaps.

The term is also used to refer to the device often used on tandem bicycles with timing chains, single-speed bicycles with a rear disc brake or an internal-geared hub, or any bicycle with vertical dropouts and no derailleur, to allow slight repositioning, fore and aft, of a bottom bracket in order to properly tension the chain.

For automotive lubrication ( including motorcycles 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines, car petrol and diesel engines ), their products include an extensive range of manual and automatic transmission fluids, chain lubricants and waxes, coolants, suspension fluids, brake fluids, greases, cleaners and maintenance products.

On the recording, Dupree alternately revs the chainsaw's engine or uses the chain brake to slow the engine down to change the pitch.

Early railways, before continuous brakes, had the communication chain or cord from the carriages connected to a " brake whistle " on the engine.

The D2 also got the drilled brake discs and sintered pads from the C3 model of this year as well as the new " automatic " cam chain tensioner mentioned in the B3 writeup.

Fixed wheel bicycles cannot use any form of chain tensioning device, because the lower run of chain is pulled very tight when using the transmission as a brake.

There may be possible economies at any one of a number of links in your marketing and distribution chain.

The loss of carnivorous species near the top of the food chain will upset the delicate ecosystem balance and may cause dramatic increases in opportunistic species.

It may have been at the top of the food chain in its local ecosystem.

Starting with the player who caused the merger to happen, each player may either sell his shares in the acquired chain, trade in two shares of the acquired chain for one share of the acquiring chain, or hold on to his shares of the acquired chain.

A player may trade in as many shares as he owns, but may not trade in one share of the acquired chain for half a share of the acquiring chain.

If a player holds onto his stock, he runs the risk that the acquired chain may not reemerge before the game ends.

That is, the rules do not say whether one player may ask another how many shares of stock he or she owns in a particular chain.

Any player may declare the game over at any time during his turn if either of two conditions is true: one chain has 41 or more tiles, or there is at least one chain on the board and every chain on the board has 11 or more tiles.

Fatty acids are considered the monomer in that case, and may be saturated ( no double bonds in the carbon chain ) or unsaturated ( one or more double bonds in the carbon chain ).

They can be joined together in one long linear chain, or they may be branched.

Booting is a chain of events that starts with execution of hardware-based procedures and may then hand-off to firmware and software which is loaded into main memory.

It may be possible to apply the chain rule even when there are no formulas for the functions which are being differentiated.

The DNA molecule may be circular or linear, and can be composed of 100, 000 to over 3, 750, 000, 000 nucleotides in a long chain.

) As in the standard rules, a jumping move may consist of any number of a chain of hops.

The NADH generated in the TCA cycle may later donate its electrons in oxidative phosphorylation to drive ATP synthesis ; FADH < sub > 2 </ sub > is covalently attached to succinate dehydrogenase, an enzyme functioning both in the TCA cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation.

An underlying principle is that the chain may be considered a rigid body once it has attained equilibrium.

Each cell except the last in the chain also contains the address of the Y-cell that is the next element of the chain ; ;

The Outing Club also owns a chain of fourteen cabins and several shelters, extending from the Vermont hills, just across the river from the college, through Hanover to the College Grant -- 27,000 acres of wilderness 140 miles north up in the logging country.

Chains are deemed " safe " if they have 11 or more links ; placing a tile that would cause such a chain to be acquired by a larger chain is also not permitted.

Mergers also give each player who holds any interest at all in a chain a chance to sell his stock or to trade it in for shares of the acquiring chain.

Antibody genes also re-organize in a process called class switching that changes the base of the heavy chain to another, creating a different isotype of the antibody that retains the antigen specific variable region.

In the Nintendo / GameFreak video game franchise " Pokémon ", there are three creatures in the same evolutionary chain named Abra, Kadabra, and Alakazam ( the third of which is also an alleged magic word used by stage magicians ).

As Aristotle offered the categories and the act of existence, and Aquinas the analogy of being, the rationalists also had their own system, the great chain of being, an interlocking hierarchy of beings from God to dust.

A beta strand ( also β strand ) is a stretch of polypeptide chain typically 3 to 10 amino acids long with backbone in an almost fully extended conformation.

Raweneck also had the supply chain ( tabors ), cannons and up to 1300 auxiliary infantry of Pomeranian peasants, used mainly for fortification works.

Salt marshes and beaches also support a diversity of plants, animals, and insects crucial to the food chain.

In chain printers, also known as train printers, the character set is arranged multiple times around a chain that travels horizontally past the print line.

From the 5th century, the city was also protected by the Anastasian Wall, a 60-kilometer chain of walls across the Thracian peninsula.

L ' Hôpital uses the chain rule implicitly in his Analyse des infiniment petits but also does not state it explicitly.

The chain rule is also valid for Fréchet derivatives in Banach spaces.

There are also chain rules in stochastic calculus.

NGC 1502 is also associated with Kemble's Cascade, an small chain of stars 2. 5 ° long that is parallel to the Milky Way and is pointed towards Cassiopeia.

FADH < sub > 2 </ sub >, therefore, facilitates transfer of electrons to coenzyme Q, which is the final electron acceptor of the reaction catalyzed by the Succinate: ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex, also acting as an intermediate in the electron transport chain.

In 1923, Danish and Dutch scientists Christian Christiansen and Hendrik Anthony Kramers, in an analysis of formation of polymers, pointed out that such a chain reaction need not start with a molecule excited by light, but could also start with two molecules colliding violently in the traditional way classically previously proposed for initiation of chemical reactions, by van't Hoff.

Christiansen and Kramers also noted that if, in one link of the reaction chain, two or more unstable molecules are produced, the reaction chain would branch and grow.

He is also known for appearing in more than 800 commercial advertisements for the chain from 1989 to 2002, more than any other company founder in television history.