Obviously, if colloidal particles bear charges of opposite sign or, if one kind is charged and the other kind is not, the attraction will be intensified and the tendency to agglomerate will be greatly reinforced.

The negatively charged dirt particles then leave the surface and go into the aqueous phase.

In this way, amperes can be viewed as a flow rate, i. e. number of particles ( charged ) transiting per unit time, and coulombs simply as the number of particles.

In 1909, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden, under the direction of physicist Ernest Rutherford, bombarded a sheet of gold foil with alpha rays — by then known to be positively charged helium atoms — and discovered that a small percentage of these particles were deflected through much larger angles than was predicted using Thomson's proposal.

Being relatively heavy and positively charged, alpha particles tend to have a very short mean free path, and quickly lose kinetic energy within a short distance of their source.

In other conductive materials, the electric current is due to the flow of both positively and negatively charged particles at the same time.

Electric currents in electrolytes are flows of electrically charged particles ( ions ).

Since a " perfect vacuum " contains no charged particles, it normally behaves as a perfect insulator.

The mobile charged particles within a conductor move constantly in random directions, like the particles of a gas.

: is number of charged particles per unit volume ( or charge carrier density )

* Electrical conduction, the movement of charged particles through an electrical conductor

One possible explanation was that upwardly accelerating shock waves from the impact accelerated charged particles enough to cause auroral emission, a phenomenon more typically associated with fast-moving solar wind particles striking a planetary atmosphere near a magnetic pole.

Crookes and Artur Shuster believed they were particles of " radiant matter ", that is, electrically charged atoms.

Computer models showed that when the dust became charged the particles could self-organize into microscopic helical structures capable of replicating themselves, interacting with other neighboring structures,

X-rays interact with the spatial distribution of the valence electrons, while electrons are charged particles and therefore feel the total charge distribution of both the atomic nuclei and the surrounding electrons.

Electromagnetic radiation ( EM radiation or EMR ) is a form of energy emitted and absorbed by charged particles, which exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels through space.

In classical physics, EMR is considered to be produced when charged particles are accelerated by forces acting on them.

Alpha rays ( alpha particles ) and beta rays ( beta particles ) were differentiated by Ernest Rutherford in 1899 through simple experimentation in 1899, but these proved not to be electromagnetic radiation, but rather charged particulate radiation.

The basic structure of matter involves charged particles bound together in many different ways.

Additionally, if a Defendant has been charged on an indictment with assault occasioning actual bodily harm ( ABH ), or racially / religiously aggravated assault, then a jury in the Crown Court may acquit the Defendant of the more serious offence, but still convict of common assault if it finds common assault has been committed.

He was charged with failure to report for duty, and was imprisoned in Le Havre and then Rouen.

The album was a multi-platinum success and produced the pop hit " Lucky One " ( No. 18 pop and No. 2 AC ; No. 1 on Radio & Records ) as well as the title track ( a duet with country music star and future husband Vince Gill ) ( No. 37 pop ) and a cover of Joni Mitchell's frequently covered " Big Yellow Taxi " ( No. 67 pop ) ( in which she changed the line " And they charged the people a dollar and a half just to see em " to " And then they charged the people 25 bucks just to see em ").

Pascal charged that aristocratic penitents could confess their sins one day, re-commit the sin the next day, generously donate the following day, then return to re-confess their sins and only receive the lightest punishment ; Pascal's criticisms darkened casuistry's reputation.

The bond then results from electrostatic attraction between atoms, and the atoms become positive or negatively charged ions.

In addition, if the defensive team gains possession, but then moves backwards into the endzone and is stopped, a one point safety will be awarded to the offense, although, unlike a real safety, the offense kicks off, opposed to the team charged with the safety.

In batch distillation, a still is charged ( supplied ) with a batch of feed mixture, which is then separated into its component fractions which are collected sequentially from most volatile to less volatile, with the bottoms ( remaining least or non-volatile fraction ) removed at the end.

Patrick was charged for kidnapping, but he was acquitted with the reasoning: :" here parents are, as here, of the reasonable and intelligent belief that they were not physically capable of recapturing their daughter from existing, imminent danger, then the defense of necessity transfers or transposes to the constituted agent, the person who acts upon their belief under such conditions.

The attraction of the differently charged sodium and chlorine ions is the reason they then form an ionic bond.

Those fields can then affect the force on, and can then move, other slowly moving charged particles.

The oppositely charged ions are then attracted to each other.

For example, a commodity broker can be charged with fraud if he or she receives a large purchase order from a client ( one likely to affect the price of that commodity ) and then purchases that commodity before executing the client's order in order to benefit from the anticipated price increase.

Soliah was then charged with conspiracy to commit murder, possession of explosives, explosion, and attempt to ignite an explosive with intent to murder.

On 15 July 2008 the fifth eldest son of Muammar Gaddafi, Hannibal Gaddafi, and his wife were held for two days and charged with assaulting two of their staff in Geneva, Switzerland and then released on bail on 17 July.

A positively charged particle will be accelerated in the same linear orientation as the E field, but will curve perpendicularly to both the instantaneous velocity vector v and the B field according to the right-hand rule ( in detail, if the thumb of the right hand points along v and the index finger along B, then the middle finger points along F ).

They charged a leyden jar ( a kind of capacitor ), and measured the electrostatic force associated with the potential ; then, they discharged it while measuring the magnetic force from the current in the discharge wire.

Davis was then arrested and taken to jail where he was charged with feloniously assaulting an officer.

However, if the circuit is temporarily held with both bases high, for longer than it takes for both capacitors to charge fully, then the circuit will remain in this stable state, with both bases at 0. 6 V, both collectors at 0 V, and both capacitors charged backwards to − 0. 6 V. This can occur at startup without external intervention, if R and C are both very small.

It is enough to deform the nucleus into a double-lobed " drop ," to the point that nuclear fragments exceed the distances at which the nuclear force can hold two groups of charged nucleons together, and when this happens, the two fragments complete their separation and then are driven further apart by their mutually repulsive charges, in a process which becomes irreversible with greater and greater distance.

The cathode supplies electrons to the positively charged cations which flow to it from the electrolyte ( even if the cell is galvanic, i. e., when the cathode is positive and therefore would be expected to repel the positively charged cations ; this is due to electrode potential relative to the electrolyte solution being different for the anode and cathode metal / electrolyte systems in a galvanic cell ).

If a similar ball is charged by the same glass rod, it is found to repel the first: the charge acts to force the two balls apart.

Two balls that are charged with a rubbed amber rod also repel each other.

The protons are positively charged and repel each other but they nonetheless stick together, demonstrating the existence of another force referred to as nuclear attraction.

When the electrode is charged by induction or by contact, the leaves acquire similar electric charges and repel each other due to the Coulomb force.

The negative sign arises as positive charges repel, so a positive charge will experience a force away from the positively charged plate, in the opposite direction to that in which the voltage increases.

Because like charges repel, the negatively charged toner will not touch the drum where the negative charge remains.

Contact with the slide has left her hair positively charged so that the individual hairs repel one another.

" Therefore, an individual can levitate by aligning their own electricity with that of the earth, and they would be repelled from the earth in the way two negatively charged magnets repel one another.

The positively charged chamber, called the anode, will repel a positively charged chemical, whereas the negatively charged chamber, called the cathode, will repel a negatively charged chemical into the skin.

( or 100, 000 years ) The negatively charged antiprotons would repel the electron cloud around the sphere of carbon, so they could not get near enough to the normal protons to annihilate with them.

Previously charged areas repel the incoming electrons so that electrons only pass through the grid to the phosphor in those areas not previously charged.

In serum or on the cell surface, highly charged coatings promote non-specific binding, while polyethylene glycol linked to terminal hydroxyl or methoxy groups repel non-specific interactions.

Since electrons are charged, they repel each other, thus rendering the theoretical analysis more difficult than for