The rights espoused in the UN charter would be codified and defined in the International Bill of Human Rights, composing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

The colonial charter for Virginia defined its territory as extending to the north shore of the Ohio, so that the riverbed was " owned " by Virginia.

Thus Pennsylvania's southern boundary as defined in its charter was contradictory and unclear.

The boundary between Hayes and Harlington, which may thus have been defined by the date of this charter, was later marked by North Hyde Road and Dawley Road, but Dawley Road may not have followed the boundary before the 18th century.

Brunel exists by virtue of a royal charter first granted in 1966 and it has the status of an exempt charity as defined by the Charities Act 2006.

However, as noted, the official style of a city or town is defined in its charter, and there is no legal barrier to cities calling themselves " town " or vice versa.

The original charter granted the Calverts an imprecisely defined territory north of Virginia and south of the 40th parallel, comprising perhaps as much as 12 million acres ( 49, 000 km² ).

Within the official terminology defined in the charter, this status would not be available to a dialect of an official language ( as per article 1 ( a )), and hence not to Low German in Germany if it were considered a dialect of German.

In 14th and 15th century the town was defined with a ‘ New ’ suffix, which could signify its new location or new town charter: 28 July 1329-Newen Reppin, 1335 – Nyen Rypin, 1441 – Nyen Reppen.

Many of these colonies were established by royal proclamation or charter that defined their boundaries as stretching " from sea to sea "; others did not have western boundaries established at all.

Judicially, a town was distinguished from the surrounding land by means of a charter from the ruling monarch that defined its privileges and laws.

In 1856 the SA & Q declared bankruptcy and its assets and charter were purchased and reorganized as the New Brunswick and Canada Railway with track extended north to Richmond Corner near the newly defined border.

The structure of the Anglican Mission is defined in its charter.

As part of the regulation of the production and trade of this valuable commodity, a royal Portuguese charter of 10 September 1756 defined the production region for Port wine.

By this law, or amended charter of Lansingburgh, the inhabitants of the village were accorded additional privileges and new duties were defined for them.

The earliest recorded mention of Stoke St Mary is in a Saxon charter dated 854 AD, when a West Saxon king gave the clearly defined lands at ‘ Stoc ’ to the minster church at Taunton.

As with all credit unions, membership in Navy Federal is limited to individuals sharing the common bond defined in its credit union charter.

The Atlantic charter was made to show the goals of the allied powers during World War II.

Its charter was written in the council-manager form, leaving the mayor with few powers other than vetoing legislation passed by the council and tending to some duties involving the police department.

It incorporated as a charter township in 2000 after rapid commercial and industrial development and the need for expanded municipal powers.

In November 2007, the citizens of Laurel approved a city charter with self-governing powers.

Under this charter, the mayor retains appointive and veto powers, while the council acts as a legislative and policy making body, with some power to appoint and confirm appointments.

Bloomfield's charter retains most of the characteristics of the Town form, with additional powers delegated to an administrator.

Under a home rule charter Jersey Village gained more taxation and governing powers than it had as a general law city.

In the United States today, quo warranto usually arises in a civil case as a plaintiff's claim ( and thus a " cause of action " instead of a writ ) that some governmental or corporate official was not validly elected to that office or is wrongfully exercising powers beyond ( or ultra vires ) those authorized by statute or by the corporation's charter.

The powers of the abbot were gradually limited and in 1277 the Emperor Rudolf I gave the town a charter of liberties.

Nauvoo's charter granted the city council powers equal to the Illinois legislature within the jurisdiction of Nauvoo.

As sovereigns, they have the power to hold radical title to land, to exercise the four fundamental powers, taxation, eminent domain, police power, and escheat, as well as numerous other powers, including the power to grant charters, and implicit in that power to charter is the power to charter corporations, which they do, extensively.

Native American tribes are comprehended as ancient sovereigns, established by their sovereign people since time immemorial, and recognized as sovereign by the federal government of the United States as well as the several states, and as such, the Native American ( and Alaska Native ) tribal governments have rights appertaining to sovereigns, including the power to hold radical title to land, to exercise the four fundamental powers, taxation, eminent domain, police power, and escheat, as well as other powers, for instance, the power to charter corporations and undertake public undertakings that might benefit their tribal citizens, Native Americans and Alaska Natives also being citizens of their respective US state, and also citizens of the United States.

Only an Act of Congress can create or amend a city charter, and with this city charter Congress confers to a city certain powers that regular municipalities or even other cities may not have.

It did not suit the purposes of the people, in framing this great charter of our liberties, to provide for minute specifications of its powers, or to declare the means by which those powers should be carried into execution.

There is a ceremonial element to the role and the Visitor may also be called upon to give advice where an institution expresses doubt as to its powers under its charter and statutes.

However, in 1854, the state supreme court wrote " The union of all the powers of government in the same hands is but the definition of despotism "; thus, the same court that, in 1844, convicted Dorr of treason against the charter did rule, ten years later, that the charter had improperly authorized a despotic, non-republican, un-American form of government ( Dennison, p. 196 ).

In Michigan, general law townships can incorporate as charter townships, a status intended to protect against annexation from nearby municipalities and which grants the township some home rule powers similar to cities.

The charter was amended again in 1851 to expand the city area, provide greater detail of the duties of the mayor, city council, and other officials.

Monmouth had a mayor and burgesses in mediaeval times, and the town gained its first charter, from Henry VI, in 1447.

The charter, which was confirmed on a number of occasions, appointed the mayor of the borough Constable of the Castle ex officio.

Bacup received a charter of incorporation in 1882, giving it honorific borough status and its own elected town government, consisting of a mayor, aldermen and councillors to oversee local affairs.

Bacup received a charter of incorporation in 1882, giving it honorific borough status and its own elected town government, consisting of a mayor, aldermen and councillors to oversee local affairs.

The area of the sanitary authority was granted a charter of incorporation in 1882, giving it honorific borough status and its own elected town government, consisting of a mayor, aldermen and councillors to oversee local affairs.

John Clum, publisher of The Tombstone Epitaph, had helped organize the " Committee of Safety " ( a vigilance committee ) in Tombstone in late September 1881, and was elected as the city's first mayor under the new city charter of 1881.

The city was unique, as it had no council or charter trustees and no mayor or civic head.

Some cities that used to have a city council but have subsequently had it abolished may have charter trustees, drawn from the local district council, who appoint the mayor and look after the city's traditions.

Mitcham became a borough on 19 September 1934 with the charter of incorporation being presented to the 84-year old mayor, Mr. R. M.

In 1668 Charles II incorporated Little Yarmouth in the borough by a charter which with one brief exception remained in force until 1703, when Anne replaced the two bailiffs by a mayor.

This " Home Rule " charter ( named for the method of adoption of the charter ) is similar to Plan E, the major changes being to the structure of the council and the election of the mayor.

Acting mayor is a temporary office created by the charter of some municipal governments.

In many cities and towns, the charter or some similar fundamental document provides that in the event of the death, resignation, or removal from office of the mayor, another official will lead the municipality for a temporary period, which, depending on the jurisdiction, may be for a stated period of days or months until a special election can be held, or until the original end of the term to which the vacating mayor was elected.

The charter may also provide for an acting mayor to serve in the event that the incumbent mayor is determined to be too disabled to continue to perform the duties of the office, either for a temporary period or permanently.

Fifty years later Eleanor of Aquitaine upheld the communal charter promulgated by her father, and for the first time in France, a city mayor was appointed for La Rochelle, Guillaume de Montmirail.

Walker was the first mayor under the charter of 1859, and M. L.

Vista, a charter city, is governed by a mayor, Judy Ritter, and a city council, consisting of John J. Aguilera, Dave Cowles, Steve Gronke and Frank Lopez.

In that same year it was granted a city charter by the Indiana General Assembly and the first mayor was elected.

Jack Louis Breaux, Sr., served as a part-time mayor from 1966 – 1978, and a full-time mayor under a home-rule charter from 1978 until his death of a brain tumor on January 26, 1980.