No soap or other cleaning agent was used that might bring in unwanted chemical reactions.

The chief factors responsible for the spoilage of fresh foodstuffs are ( 1 ) microorganisms such as bacteria, molds, and yeasts, ( 2 ) enzymes, ( 3 ) insects, ( 4 ) sprouting, and ( 5 ) chemical reactions.

The attempts of alchemists to arrange information on substances, so as to clarify and anticipate the products of their chemical reactions, resulted in early conceptions of chemical elements and the first rudimentary periodic tables.

Modern definitions are concerned with the fundamental chemical reactions common to all acids.

The name " argon " is derived from the Greek word αργον meaning " lazy " or " the inactive one ", a reference to the fact that the element undergoes almost no chemical reactions.

The field of chemistry uses analysis in at least three ways: to identify the components of a particular chemical compound ( qualitative analysis ), to identify the proportions of components in a mixture ( quantitative analysis ), and to break down chemical processes and examine chemical reactions between elements of matter.

He wrote a paper on the chemical basis of morphogenesis, and predicted oscillating chemical reactions such as the Belousov – Zhabotinsky reaction, which were first observed in the 1960s.

Experimentally, it is found that all spontaneous processes ( including chemical reactions ) result in a decrease in G as they proceed toward equilibrium.

Amides undergo many chemical reactions, usually through an attack on the carbonyl breaking the carbonyl double bond and forming a tetrahedral intermediate.

Lavoisier also contributed to early ideas on composition and chemical changes by stating the radical theory, believing that radicals, which function as a single group in a chemical process, combine with oxygen in reactions.

Adhesives cure ( harden ) by either evaporating a solvent or by chemical reactions that occur between two or more constituents.

These oxidants can damage cells by starting chemical chain reactions such as lipid peroxidation, or by oxidizing DNA or proteins.

At high temperatures, organobromine compounds are easily converted to free bromine atoms, a process which acts to terminate free radical chemical chain reactions.

Biochemistry studies the chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, and in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Behavior outside of psychology includes physical property and chemical reactions.

Chemistry is the science of matter, its properties, structure, composition and its changes during interactions and chemical reactions.

Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties.

The interactions, reactions and transformations that are studied in chemistry are usually the result of interactions between atoms, leading to rearrangements of the chemical bonds which hold atoms together.

The type of chemical reactions a substance may undergo and the energy changes that may accompany it are constrained by certain basic rules, known as chemical laws.

The chemical formulas of organic esters are typically written in the format of RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > R ', where R and R ' are the hydrocarbon parts of the carboxylic acid and alcohol, respectively.

( i ) Opium, opiates, derivatives of opium and opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation.

Lanolin's complex composition of long chain esters, hydroxy esters, diesters, lanolin alcohols, and lanolin acids means in addition to it being a valuable product in its own right, it is also the starting point for the production of a whole spectrum of lanolin derivatives, which possess wide-ranging chemical and physical properties.

Plant stanol esters are tasteless and odorless, and have the same physical and chemical properties as most fats.

Common chemical controls include " hard " chemicals such as fluvalinate ( marketed as Apistan ) and coumaphos ( marketed as CheckMite ) and " soft " chemicals such as thymol ( marketed as ApiLife-VAR and Apiguard ), sucrose octanoate esters ( marketed as Sucrocide ), oxalic acid and formic acid ( sold in gel packs as Mite-Away, but also used in other formulations ).

The formation of basic oleochemical substances like fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters ( FAME ), fatty alcohols, fatty amines and glycerols are by various chemical and enzymatic reactions.

Intermediate chemical substances produced from these basic oleochemical substances include alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, quaternary ammonium salts, monoacylglycerols ( MAG ), diacylglycerols ( DAG ), structured triacylglycerols ( TAG ), sugar esters, and other oleochemical products.

Well after their use as insecticides, their chemical structures were determined by Hermann Staudinger and Lavoslav Ružička in 1924. Pyrethrin I and pyrethrin II are structurally related esters with a cyclopropane core.

He synthesized medium-sized ring compounds with 8 to 12 members from dicraboxylic acid esters by acylion condensation and explained their unusual chemical reactivity by a " nonclassical " strain because of energetically unfavorable conformations.

IL3 is produced by T-lymphocytes and T-lymphomas only after stimulation with antigens, mitogens, or chemical activators such as phorbol esters.

Common chemical irritants implicated include solvents ( alcohol, xylene, turpentine, esters, acetone, ketones, and others ); metalworking fluids ( neat oils, water-based metalworking fluids with surfactants ); latex ; kerosene ; ethylene oxide ; surfactants in topical medications and cosmetics ( sodium lauryl sulfate ); alkalies ( drain cleaners, strong soap with lye residues ).

Acetic anhydride is a major industrial chemical widely used for preparing acetate esters, e. g. cellulose acetate.

Sterol esters are a heterogeneous group of chemical compounds.

Since UHMWPE does not contain chemical groups ( such as esters, amides or hydroxylic groups ) that are susceptible to attack from aggressive agents, it is very resistant to water, moisture, most chemicals, UV radiation, and micro-organisms.

The Martinet dioxindole synthesis is a chemical reaction used to synthesize dioxindoles 3 from anilines and esters of mesoxalic acid 1.

The Nenitzescu indole synthesis is a chemical reaction that forms 5-hydroxyindole derivatives from benzoquinone and β-aminocrotonic esters.

The Zeisel determination or Zeisel test is a chemical test for the presence of esters or ethers in a chemical substance.

chemical studies are being pursued with the cooperation of K.G. Untch.

In this publication measurements of interfacial angles of crystals are used to classify and identify chemical substances.

No chemical fertilizers and poisonous insecticides and fungicides are used ''.

Alkanes ( also known as paraffins or saturated hydrocarbons ) are chemical compounds that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and are bonded exclusively by single bonds ( i. e., they are saturated compounds ) without any cycles ( or loops ; i. e., cyclic structure ).

The alkali metals are a group of chemical elements in the periodic table with very similar properties: they are all shiny, soft, silvery, highly reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure and readily lose their outermost electron to form cations with charge + 1.

Experiments have been conducted to attempt the synthesis of ununennium ( Uue ), which is likely to be the next member of the group, but they have all met with failure .< ref name =" link "> However, ununennium may not be an alkali metal due to relativistic effects, which are predicted to have a large influence on the chemical properties of superheavy elements.

Although the neutral ground-state chemical compounds of argon are presently limited to HArF, argon can form clathrates with water when atoms of it are trapped in a lattice of the water molecules.

Actinium has similar chemical properties as lanthanum and other lanthanides, and therefore these elements are difficult to separate when extracting from uranium ores.

" While chemical issues in the brain that result in anxiety ( especially resulting from genetics ) are well documented, this study highlights an additional environmental factor that may result from being raised by parents suffering from chronic anxiety.

The chemical structures of the 22 standard amino acids, along with their chemical properties, are described more fully in the article on these proteinogenic amino acids.

Its chemical and physical properties are so similar to that of natural amethyst that it can not be differentiated with absolute certainty without advanced gemnological testing ( which is often cost-prohibitive ).

There are five classes of amber, defined on the basis of their chemical constituents.

Its chemical composition makes it difficult to match the amber to its producers – it is most similar to the resins produced by flowering plants ; however, there are no flowering plant fossils until the Cretaceous, and they were not common until the Upper Cretaceous.

Using the Debye model, the specific heat and entropy of a pure crystal are proportional to T < sup > 3 </ sup >, while the enthalpy and chemical potential are proportional to T < sup > 4 </ sup >.

A key concept in thermodynamics, many rapid chemical and physical processes are described or approximated in this way.

Compounds that are still isolated from living organisms are the aminoglycosides, whereas other antibacterials — for example, the sulfonamides, the quinolones, and the oxazolidinones — are produced solely by chemical synthesis.