While many cities ( as in Gaul ) had a double-headed chief magistracy, often another title was used, such as Duumvir or native styles such as Meddix, but Consul was used in some.

For instance, in Athens, the kingship had been reduced to a hereditary, lifelong chief magistracy ( archon ) by c. 1050 BC ; by 753 BC this had become a decennial, elected archonship ; and finally by 683 BC an annually elected archonship.

The amphi-polos, or priest of Olympian Zeus, who was annually chosen by lot out of three clans, was invested with the chief magistracy.

In various municipalities under the Principate, the chief magistracy was a college of three, styled triumviri.

Tradition therefore ascribed to it the character of a chief magistracy, and its members, or rather its leaders, including the prophets of that time, were regarded as the authors of other obligatory rules.

The sea was traditionally known as Archipelago ( in Greek, Αρχιπέλαγος, meaning " chief sea "), but in English this word's meaning has changed to refer to the Aegean Islands and, generally, to any island group.

For example, the word chief ( meaning the leader of any group ) comes from the Middle French chef (" head "), and its modern pronunciation preserves the Middle French consonant sound ; the word chef ( the leader of the cooks ) was borrowed from the same source centuries later, by which time the consonant had changed to a " sh "- sound in French.

In Christianity, the title became a personal name, and " Satan " changed from an accuser appointed by God to test men's faith to the chief of the rebellious fallen angels (" the devil " in Christianity, " Shaitan " in Arabic, the term used by Arab Christians and Muslims ).

#: Federal law was changed in section 1076 so that the Governor of a state is no longer the sole commander in chief of their state's National Guard during emergencies within the state.

However, when his title was changed to Minster of Works in 8 BCE, his chief duty became oversight of public works projects.

* Payipwāt ( or Piapot: " who Knows the Secrets of the Sioux "), also known as " Hole in the Sioux " or Kisikawasan-‘ Flash in the Sky ’, Chief of the Cree-Assiniboine or the Young Dogs with great influence on neighboring Assiniboine, Downstream People, southern groups of the Upstream People and Saulteaux ( Plains Ojibwa ), born 1816, kidnapped as a child by the Sioux, he was freed about 1830 by Plains Cree, significant Shaman, most influential chief of the feared Young Dogs, convinced the Plains Cree to expand west in the Cypress Hills, the last refugee for bison groups, therefore disputed border area between Sioux, Assiniboine, Siksika Kainai and Cree, refused to participate in the raid on a Kainai camp near the present Lethbridge, Alberta, then the Young Dogs and their allies were content with the eastern Cypress Hills to the Milk River, Montana, does not participate at the negotiations on the Treaty 4 of 1874, he and Cheekuk, the most important chief of the Plains Ojibwa in the Qu ' Appelle area, signed on 9 September 1875 the treaty only as preliminary contract, tried with the chiefs of the River Cree Minahikosis (" Little Pine ") and Mistahi-maskwa (" Big Bear ") to erect a kind of Indian Territory for all the Plains Cree, Plains Ojibwa and Assiniboine-as Ottawa refused, he asked 1879-80 along with Kiwisünce ( cowessess-' Little Child ') and the Assiniboine for adjacent reserves in the Cypress Hills, Payipwāt settled in a reserve about 37 miles northeast of Fort Walsh, Minahikosis (" Little Pine ") and Papewes (‘ Lucky Man ’) asked successfully for reserves near the Assiniboine or Payipwāt-this allowed the Cree and Assiniboine to preserve their autonomy-because they went 1881 in Montana on bison hunting, stole Absarokee horses and alleged cattle killed, arrested the U. S. Army the Cree-Assiniboine group, disarmed and escorted them back to Canada-now unarmed, denied rations until the Cree and Assiniboine gave up their claims to the Cypress Hills and went north-in the following years the reserves changed several times and the tribes were trying repeated until to the Northwest Rebellion in 1885 to build an Indian Territory, Payipwāt remained under heavy guard, until his death he was a great spiritual leader, therefore Ottawa deposed Payipwāt on 15 April 1902 as chief, died in April 1908 on Piapot Reserve, Saskatchewan )

Following the repeal of Prohibition in 1934, Stevenson changed jobs, becoming chief attorney for the Federal Alcohol Control Administration ( FACA ), a subsidiary of the AAA which regulated the activities of the alcohol industry.

Before the end of the first century BC trade routes had changed ; Delos was replaced by Puteoli as the chief focus of Italian trade with the East, and as a cult-centre too it entered a sharp decline.

The United States National Security Council ( NSC ) has been at the center of this foreign policy coordination system, but it has changed many times to conform with the needs and inclinations of each succeeding chief executive.

The first name for the settlement was probably Pueblo Colorado, but when Don Lorenzo Hubbell ( Nov 27, 1853-November 12, 1930 ) purchased the post in 1876, he changed the name to Ganado in honor of Ganado Mucho, the last Navajo peace chief and the twelfth signer of the Navajo peace treaty of 1868.

It was originally called " Bald Eagle ", but then later changed to Lecompton in honor of Samuel Lecompte, the chief justice of the territorial supreme court.

In 1857 the Michigan Legislature changed the name of the village officially to Okemos to honor the old chief.

In 2009, Petrenko's title was changed from principal conductor to chief conductor, and he extended his contract with the society until 2015.

Workman, in the middle of his defense, changed his plea from ' not guilty ' to ' no contest ' after one of his chief witnesses, a Manhattan funeral director who testified that Workman was employed by him during the time of the Schultz murder and who was the brother-in-law of the late Lepke associate Danny Fields, recanted his testimony, providing Workman with an alibi.

He had earlier favoured Hailsham, but changed his mind when he learned from the British ambassador to the US that the Kennedy administration was uneasy at the prospect of Hailsham as Prime Minister, and from his chief whip that Hailsham, seen as a right-winger, would alienate moderate voters.

In several episodes, his attempts to escape his prison the Village would be foiled, either by Number Two, the place's chief administrator, who was frequently changed, or by Rover, an enigmatic artificial guardian that resembles a weather balloon.

* In New Caledonia ( Nouvelle Calédonie in French, colonised in 1853 ; its Governors had been High Commissioners in the Pacific Ocean from 22 March 1907, see above ) the title ( commonly corrupted to Haussaire ) was chosen for the chief executive on 19 December 1981, when it was an overseas territory ( since 1946 ), even before autonomy was granted on 18 November 1984, and maintained after its status was changed on 20 July 1998 to the unique French collectivité sui generis ; he represents the Paris government, while there are a native legislature and government.

Gallagher's role as chief songwriter for Oasis changed over time as he allowed a greater level of lyrical input from the other band members.

Santa Barbara State College was under the supervision of a President, but in 1944, when it became a campus of the University of California, the title of the chief executive was changed to Provost.

In September 1958, the Regents of the University of California established Santa Barbara as a general University campus and at the official title of the chief executive was changed to Chancellor.

A vengeful Jack changed his will to make the Hart family's nemesis Pete Callan chief beneficiary and committed suicide by gassing himself in his car.

* In chapter six of the American edition, the name of the White Witch's chief of police is changed to " Fenris Ulf " from " Maugrim " in the British.

Finally, in The Maltese Falcon among others, the clash between detective and police is carried to its logical conclusion: Sam Spade becomes the chief murder suspect.

Cambodia's chief of state, who has been accused of harboring Communist marauders and otherwise making life miserable for neighboring South Viet Nam and Thailand, insists he would be very unhappy if communism established its power in Southeast Asia.

For the Lo Shu square was a remarkably complete compendium of most of the chief religious and philosophical ideas of its time.

The philosopher Mencius once criticized its chief proponent Xu Xing ( 許行 ) for advocating that rulers should work in the fields with their subjects.

Construction of this machine was never completed ; Babbage had conflicts with his chief engineer, Joseph Clement, and ultimately the British government withdrew its funding for the project.

Each separate community had its own oeconomus or steward, who was subject to a chief steward stationed at the head establishment.

In November 1972, Kolton was named as the exchange's first chief executive officer and its first salaried top executive.

The stream was temporarily turned aside from its course while the grave was dug wherein the Gothic chief and some of his most precious spoils were interred.

Della Valle described Anah as the chief Arab town on the Euphrates, an importance which it owes to its position on one of the routes from the west to Baghdad ; Texeira said that the power of its amir extended to Palmyra ( early 17th century ); but Olivier found the ruling prince with only twenty-five men in his service, the town becoming more depopulated every day from lack of protection from the Arabs of the desert.

::" For here is the chief and most confounding objection to excessive skepticism, that no durable good can ever result from it ; while it remains in its full force and vigor.

Usually an arrondissement includes cantons and a canton includes one to several communes including the chef-lieu, " chief place ", from which the canton takes its name.

The chief resided at the town of Nowgong, at the foot of the hill-fortress of Ajaigarh, from which the state took its name.

Of its coins the most ancient bear the Phoenician inscription abdrt with the head of Melkart and a tunny-fish ; those of Tiberius ( who seems to have made the place a colonia ) show the chief temple of the town with two tunny-fish erect in the form of columns.

The chief coin type, a griffon, is identical with that of Teos ; the rich silver coinage is noted for the beauty and variety of its reverse types.

As the chief port of north-west Asia Minor, the place prospered greatly in Roman times, becoming a " free and autonomous city " as early as 188 BC, and the existing remains sufficiently attest its former importance.

Since its inception Beechcraft has resided in Wichita, Kansas, also the home of chief competitor Cessna, the birthplace of Learjet and of Stearman, whose trainers were used in large numbers during WW2.

Sayed Noorullah Emad, who was then a young Muslim in the university of Kabul became General Secretary of the party and, later, its deputy chief.

The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons.

The company responded by extending its reach into the country fast-growing retail processed foods market, and though its prominence as the nation's chief exporter was partly restored by Perón's 1955 ouster and the IAPI's liquidation, its focus remained domestic over the next three decades.

As of 1935, its chief industries were shipbuilding, tanning, and pottery.

This declaration, which is always known as the Balfour Declaration, should rather be called " the Milner Declaration ," since Milner was the actual draftsman and was, apparently, its chief supporter in the War Cabinet.