In 1453 when the last vestige of ancient Roman power fell to the Turks, the city officially shifted religions -- although the Patriarch, or Pope, of the Orthodox Church continued to live there, and still does -- and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

`` When they became members of the city police narcotics unit '', Sokol said, `` they were told they would have to get to know certain areas of Chicago in which narcotics were sold and they would have to get to know people in the narcotics racket.

* 70 – Jewish revolts against the Romans caused the Roman General Titus, later who became Caesar, to besiege the city.

In 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars, the Kingdom of Prussia took over and the city became one of its most socially and politically backward centres until the end of the 19th century.

In 1372, Aachen became the first coin-minting city in the world to regularly place an Anno Domini date on a general circulation coin, a groschen.

During his brother's reign, he participated in the taking of Huesca ( the Battle of Alcoraz, 1096 ), which became the largest city in the kingdom and the new capital.

At the age of twenty-one, he joined the city ’ s Guild of Saint Luke and later became dean.

Celebrating the anniversary of the city became part of imperial propaganda.

At his return from Ethiopia, he married Virginie Vincent de Saint Bonnet in 1848, and settled in Hendaye where he purchased 250ha to build his castle, and became the mayor of the city from 1871 to 1875.

In 1818 the British forced the Marathas to cede the city for 50, 000 rupees whereupon it became part of the province of Ajmer-Merwara, which consisted of the districts of Ajmer and Merwara and were physically separated by the territory of the Rajputana Agency.

The area thrived during the Ottoman Empire, as the centre of opium production and Afyon became a wealthy city with the typical Ottoman urban mixture of Turks, Armenians and Greeks.

Jerome states that Apollos was so dissatisfied with the division at Corinth, that he retired to Crete with Zenas, a doctor of the law ; and that the schism having been healed by Paul's letter to the Corinthians, Apollos returned to the city, and became its bishop.

The city of Alcobaça became notable after the first king of Portugal, Afonso Henriques, decided to build there a church to celebrate the Conquest of Santarém, to the Moors, in 1147.

From the fort, the Bonnburg, as well as from a new medieval settlement to the South centred around what later became the minster, grew the medieval city of Bonn.

After World War II, the city became divided into East Berlin — the capital of East Germany — and West Berlin, a West German exclave surrounded by the Berlin Wall ( 1961 – 1989 ).

In 1451 Berlin became the royal residence of the Brandenburg electors, and Berlin had to give up its status as a free Hanseatic city.

In 1539, the electors and the city officially became Lutheran.

With the coronation of Frederick I in 1701 as king ( in Königsberg ), Berlin became the new capital of the Kingdom of Prussia ( instead of Königsberg ); this was a successful attempt to centralize the capital in the very outspread Prussian Kingdom, and it was the first time the city began to grow.

In 1815 the city became part of the new Province of Brandenburg.

On 1 April 1881 it became a city district separate from Brandenburg.

Each borough contains a number of localities ( Ortsteile ), which often have historic roots in older municipalities that predate the formation of Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920 and became urbanized and incorporated into the city.

Bursa became the first major capital city of the early Ottoman Empire following its capture from the Byzantines in 1326.

The economic development of the city was followed by population growth and Bursa became the 4th most populous city in Turkey.

The city was later renamed Nova Roma by Constantine the Great, but popularly called Constantinople and briefly became the imperial residence of the classical Roman Empire.

The inference has been too widely accepted that because the Communists have succeeded in building barricades across Berlin the free world must acquiesce in dismemberment of that living city.

Ambracia was captured and plundered by M. Fulvius Nobilior in 189 BC, after which it was declared by Rome a " free city ", and gradually fell into insignificance.

He settled in the free imperial city of Regensburg, a town located on the Danube River in 1505, eventually becoming the town architect and a town councillor.

As the chief port of north-west Asia Minor, the place prospered greatly in Roman times, becoming a " free and autonomous city " as early as 188 BC, and the existing remains sufficiently attest its former importance.

The building was again remodeled by British architect Norman Foster in the 1990s and features a glass dome over the session area, which allows free public access to the parliamentary proceedings and magnificent views of the city.

Gone are the days when the Hoffman House flourished on Madison Square, with its famous nudes by Bouguereau ; when barrooms were palaces, on nearly every corner throughout the city ; when Steve Brodie, jumping from Brooklyn Bridge, splashed the entire country with publicity ; when Bowery concert halls dispensed schooners of beer for a nickel, with a stage show thrown in ; when Theis's Music Hall still resounded on 14th Street with its great mechanical organ, the wonder of its day, a place of beauty, with fine paintings and free company and the frankest of female life.

In ancient Greece, beginning in the early 1st millennium AD, there emerged independent city-states that evolved for the first time the notion of citizenship, becoming in the process the archetype of the free city, the polis.

The citizens lost their right to free grain in 618 when Heraclius realised that the city no longer could be supplied from Egypt as a result of the Persian wars: the population dropped substantially in size as a result.

Unable, however, to resist the urging of Charles V, the pope, after proposing Mantua as the place of meeting, convened the council at Trent ( at that time a free city of the Holy Roman Empire under a prince-bishop ), on December 13, 1545 ; the Pope's decision to transfer it to Bologna in March, 1547 on the pretext of avoiding a plague failed to take effect and the Council was indefinitely prorogued on 17 September 1549.

As the Kingdom of God described in the New Testament and particularly the Book of Revelation, Heaven is a new or restored earth, a World to Come, free of sin and death, with a New Jerusalem led by God, Jesus, and the most righteous of believers starting with 144, 000 Israelites from every tribe, and all others who received salvation living peacefully and making pilgrimages to give glory to the city.

In fall 1976, however, amid the turmoil of New York City's dire fiscal crisis, the free tuition policy was discontinued under pressure from the federal government, the financial community that had a role in rescuing the city from bankruptcy, and New York State, which would take over the funding of CUNY's senior colleges.

Then Berlin was a free city surrounded by communist-ruled East Germany, represented a " hot spot " of political and ideological controversy for the revolting German students.

They commemorated scenes from the passion, such as the location of the prison of Christ and of his flagellation, and presumably were so placed because of the difficulties for free movement among shrines in the streets of the city.

The American, British and French sectors became West Berlin, a part strongly associated with West Germany but a free city.

Despite its status as part of an occupied city, East Berlin was claimed as the capital of East Germany, as the Soviets did not honor the distinction of a free city for their sector.

From 1579 Elbląg had close trade relations with England, to which the city accorded free trade.

Following the original roots of modern graffiti as a political force came another game title, Marc Eckō's Getting Up: Contents Under Pressure ( 2006 ), featuring a story line involving fighting against a corrupt city and its oppression of free speech, as in the Jet Set Radio series.

The city is close to the former late medieval / modern boundary between West Slavic and Germanic lands and it has a complex political history with periods of Polish rule, periods of German rule, and extensive self-rule, with two spells as a free city.

All others – citizens, slaves or free – were usually buried beyond the town or city limits to avoid the ritual and physical pollution of their community.

The actual city centre is a car free area, and parking is difficult and expensive in the city.

Not all city economies were controlled by guilds ; some cities were " free ".