Off-grid buildings often rely very little on civil services and are therefore safer and more comfortable during civil disaster or military attacks.

Houses designed to cope with interruptions in civil services generally incorporate a wood stove, or heat and power from diesel fuel or bottled gas, regardless of their other heating mechanisms.

The new concept is described by a number of terms, each of which has its own specific shade of meaning, such as crisis management, emergency management, emergency preparedness, contingency planning, emergency services, and civil protection.

believe that government should change building codes to require autonomous buildings in order to reduce civil societies ' dependence on complex, fragile networks of social services.

As the threat of Cold War eased, a number of such civil defense organisations have been disbanded or mothballed ( as in the case of the Royal Observer Corps in the United Kingdom and the United States civil defense ), while others have changed their focuses into providing rescue services after natural disasters ( as for the State Emergency Service in Australia ).

The remaining 5 % is special expenditures to NATO, branch shared expenditures, special services and civil structures, here in including running the Danish Maritime Safety Administration, Danish national rescue preparedness and the Administration of Conscientious Objectors ( Militærnægteradministrationen ).

Diocletian separated and enlarged the Empire's civil and military services and reorganized the Empire's provincial divisions, establishing the largest and most bureaucratic government in the history of the Empire.

Reasons included the need to regulate businesses and industries that span state borders, attempts to secure civil rights, and the provision of social services.

He was a minister several times for the Democrazia Cristiana party ( DC ), notably during his stay at Viminale ( Ministry for internal affairs ) where he re-structured the Italian police, civil protection and secret services.

During that period the military was responsible for the maintenance of civil facilities and services.

The main provisions of the Edict of Nantes were as follows: a ) Huguenots were allowed to hold religious services in certain towns in each province, b ) They were allowed to control and fortify eight cities ( including La Rochelle and Montauban ), c ) Special courts were established to try Huguenot offenders, d ) Huguenots were to have equal civil rights with the Catholics.

It was a policy that attracted criticism ; however, Adenauer started his administration from absolute zero, and " it would have been folly to deprive the fledgling republic of the services of civil servants and professionals for that reason alone.

Non-citizens of Latvia cannot vote during municipal and state elections and are not allowed to work in government, the police and civil services.

Although problems with basic infrastructure and government services persist, and Lebanon is now highly indebted, much of the civil war damage has been repaired throughout the country, and many foreign investors and tourists have returned.

The empire relied upon a system of taxation ( of goods and services ), which were collected through an elaborate bureaucracy of tax collectors, courts, civil servants, and local officials who were installed as loyalists to the Triple Alliance.

The representative of the French central state in New Caledonia is the High Commissioner of the Republic ( Haut-Commissaire de la République, locally known as " haussaire "), who is the head of civil services, and who sits in the government of the territory.

Alternative names for police force include constabulary, gendarmerie, police department, police service, crime prevention, protective services, law enforcement agency, civil guard or civic guard.

Nor was the Roman Republic " forced " to give away these powers: it did so freely and reasonably, certainly in Augustus ' case, because of his many services to the state, freeing it from civil wars and disorder.

Formal racial discrimination was illegal in school systems, businesses, the American military, other civil services and the government.

The corporation had a virtual monopoly over river transport, although the southern regional government had established river feeder transport operations, and private river transport services were reported to be increasing until the resumption of the civil war.

People determined unfit for service, where fitness is defined as " satisfying physically, intellectually and psychically requirements for military service or civil protection service and being capable of accomplishing these services without harming oneself or others ", are exempted from service but pay a 3 % additional annual income tax until the age of 30, unless they are affected by a disability.

In the United States the lowest stratum of the working class, the underclass, often lives in urban areas with low-quality civil services.

Even though in civil rights legislation in 1957 and 1960 the provision for the Attorney General to act was eliminated, should we nevertheless support such a clause??

... review, on the other hand, provide an independent and civil inquiry into the validity of a conviction and sentence, and as such are generally limited to challenges to constitutional, jurisdictional, or other fundamental violations that occurred at trial.

There is no corresponding right to a writ in any pure or continental civil law legal systems, though some mixed systems such as Quebec recognize these prerogative writs.

The United States Congress, in the Ratification Act of 1929, provided that until the Congress shall provide for the Government of the islands of American Samoa all civil, judicial, and military powers shall be vested in such person or persons and exercised in such manner as the President of the United States shall direct.

These measures plus the improvement in Israel's relations with Egypt and Jordan, the renunciation of terrorism by the Palestine Liberation Organization, the on-going peace talks between the PLO and Israel, the collapse of the communist states in East Europe, which reduced the scope for sanctuaries for terrorists, and the more cautious attitude of countries such as Libya and Syria after the U. S. declared them State-sponsors of international terrorism, the collapse of ideological terrorist groups such as the Red Army Faction and the tightening of civil aviation security measures by all countries have arrested and reversed the steep upward movement of hijackings.

Unlike most Common-law jurisdictions, the majority of civil law jurisdictions have specialized courts or sections to deal with administrative cases which, as a rule, will apply procedural rules specifically designed for such cases and different from that applied in private-law proceedings, such as contract or tort claims.

In order to successfully rule in such a situation, Abd al-Rahman needed to create a reliable civil service and organize a standing army.

His non-violent resistance movement satyagraha had an immense impact on India, impressed public opinion in Western countries and influenced the leaders of various civil and political rights movements such as Martin Luther King, Jr.

Drinking at inappropriate times, and behavior caused by reduced judgment, can lead to legal consequences, such as criminal charges for drunk driving or public disorder, or civil penalties for tortious behavior, and may lead to a criminal sentence.

British traditions such as the monarchy were rejected by the U. S. Constitution, but many English common law traditions such as habeas corpus, jury trials, and various other civil liberties were adopted in the United States.

Essentially, every country that was colonised at some time by England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom uses common law except those that were formerly colonised by other nations, such as Quebec ( which follows the law of France in part ), South Africa and Sri Lanka ( which follow Roman Dutch law ), where the prior civil law system was retained to respect the civil rights of the local colonists.

All but one of the provinces of Canada use a common law system ( the exception being Quebec, which uses a civil law system for issues arising within provincial jurisdiction, such as property ownership and contracts ).

For example, a calendar provides a way to determine which days are religious or civil holidays, which days mark the beginning and end of business accounting periods, and which days have legal significance, such as the day taxes are due or a contract expires.

While the Gregorian calendar is widely used in Israel's business and day-to-day affairs, the Hebrew calendar, used by Jews worldwide for religious and cultural affairs, also influences civil matters in Israel ( such as national holidays ) and can be used there for business dealings ( such as for the dating of checks ).

At the same time, BONUCA holds seminars in topics such as the relationship between military and civil parts of society.

Comedies portrayed military themes such as service, civil defense, boot-camp and shore-leave.

Communitarianism as a group of related but distinct philosophies ( or ideologies ) began in the late 20th century, opposing classical liberalism and capitalism while advocating phenomena such as civil society.

As such, the memorial represents the aspirations of the American civil rights movement against racism.

Modern societies generally regard crimes as offences against the public or the state, as distinguished from torts ( wrongs against private parties that can give rise to a civil cause of action ).

) The concept of political freedom is closely connected with the concepts of civil liberties and human rights, which in democratic societies are usually afforded legal protection from the state.

The death of Uthman was followed by a civil war known as the First Fitna, and the succession to Ali ibn Abi Talib was disputed, leading to the split between the Sunni and Shia sects, and later to competing caliphates when the descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah and Ali set up separate Fatimid societies.

In the 19th century, the bourgeoisie propounded liberalism, and gained political rights, religious rights, and civil liberties for themselves and the lower social classes ; thus was the bourgeoisie then a progressive philosophic and political force in modern Western societies.

In many civil societies, kinds of shunning are practiced de-facto or de-jure, to coerce or avert behaviours or associations deemed unhealthy.

Many civil societies do not extend such protections to the internal operations of communities or organizations so long as an ex-member has the same rights, prerogatives, and power as any other member of the civil society.

Countries, international organizations, civil societies, and corporations are allowed to participate in Universal Expositions.

Countries, international organizations, civil societies, and corporations are allowed to participate but the exposition must have a precise character for its theme.

The Institute will use the most effective means to originate, advocate, promote, and disseminate applicable policy proposals that create free, open, and civil societies in the United States and throughout the world.

But even in such instances, the interactions of civil societies and non-state actors may help to further general milieu goals such as democracy, liberty, and development.

Thus, emancipative values provide social capital that activates societies, makes publics more self-expressive, and vitalizes civil society.

However, in the 1990s with the emergence of the nongovernmental organizations and the New Social Movements ( NSMs ) on a global scale, civil society as a third sector became treated as a key terrain of strategic action to construct ‘ an alternative social and world order .’ Post-modern civil society theory has now largely returned to a more neutral stance, but with marked differences between the study of the phenomena in richer societies and writing on civil society in developing states.

At the same time, the United Kingdom succeeded in advocating the creation of the Secretariat's sister organisation, the Commonwealth Foundation was founded to foster non-governmental relations and the promotion of the Commonwealth Family network of civil societies.

According to its website, the Club of Rome is composed of " scientists, economists, businessmen, international high civil servants, heads of state and former heads of state from all five continents who are convinced that the future of humankind is not determined once and for all and that each human being can contribute to the improvement of our societies.

Nonetheless, heterosexism as discrimination ranks gay men, lesbians, bisexuals and other sexual minorities as second-class citizens with regard to various legal and civil rights, economic opportunities, and social equality in the majority of the world ’ s jurisdictions and societies.

In capitalist societies, when civil liberties are present, full-time activists can be employed on wages.

Leo distinguished the larger, civil society ( also called the commonwealth, or public society ), and smaller, private societies which exist within it.

Private societies are diverse and exist for various purposes within the civil society.

Walker distributed his pamphlet through various black communication networks along the Atlantic coast, which included free and enslaved black civil rights activists, laborers, black church and revivalist networks, contacts with free black benevolent societies, and maroon communities.

: As early as the 1820s and the end of the Spanish main-mise in Central and South America, serious social divisions in Latin American societies, combined with the pressure of foreign financial interests and the autocratic-if not dictatorial-character of the local governments resulted in constant internal civil troubles-the guerrillas.