Unlike the communist parties in most other East European states, the BCP ( changing its name to Bulgarian Socialist Party ) retained majority power after the transition in Bulgaria by winning the first free national elections in June 1990.

In practice, the policy meant that limited independence of communist parties was allowed.

The United Kingdom and the United States were concerned that electoral victories by communist parties in any of these countries could lead to sweeping economic and political change in Western Europe.

After the Marshall Plan, the introduction of a new currency to Western Germany to replace the debased Reichsmark and massive electoral losses for communist parties in 1946, in June 1948, the Soviet Union cut off surface road access to Berlin.

Both conservative and liberal parties tend to favor private ownership of property, in opposition to communist, socialist and green parties, which favor communal ownership or laws requiring social responsibility on the part of property owners.

Klaus von Beyme, who developed the method of party categorization, found that no modern Eastern European parties could be considered conservative, although the communist and communist-successor parties had strong similarities.

The continued dominance of the CPC, as with the parties of the last communist states ( all in Asia and Latin America ), can be attributed in part to its anti-colonial and " national liberation " credentials, burnished by its participation in events such as the Anti-Japanese War and the Korean War.

Central Committee was the common designation of a standing administrative body of communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, whether ruling or non-ruling in the 20th century and of the surviving states in the early 21st century.

Its organization was subdivided into communist parties of the constituent Soviet republics as well as the mass youth organisation, the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League ( Komsomol ) and, for children, the Young Pioneer organization of the Soviet Union.

The party ceased to exist after the coup d ' état attempt in 1991 and was succeeded by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in Russia and the communist parties of the now-independent former Soviet republics.

The socialist rule was violently ended in 1958 by the U. S .- backed military ruler General Ayub Khan who disbanded the political parties and took tough actions against the communist mass in both East and West Pakistan.

The communist parties played an influential role in staging the massive protests for the Bengali Language Movement which led the destruction of Pakistan Muslim League | PML in East Pakistan, 1950s.

" Having witnessed the success of the anarcho-syndicalist communities, for example in Anarchist Catalonia, and the subsequent brutal suppression of the anarcho-syndicalists, anti-Stalin communist parties and revolutionaries by the Soviet Union-backed Communists, Orwell returned from Catalonia a staunch anti-Stalinist and joined the Independent Labour Party, his card being issued on 13 June 1938.

After the fall of the communist Najibullah-regime in 1992, the Afghan political parties agreed on a peace and power-sharing agreement ( the Peshawar Accords ).

After the first democratic elections with universal suffrage in 1948, in which the Christian Democracy and their allies won against the Popular front of the Italian Communist and Socialists parties, the communist party never returned in the government.

In Soviet-controlled East Germany, the major task of the ruling communist party in Germany was to channel Soviet orders down to both the administrative apparatus and the other bloc parties pretending that these were initiatives of its own, with deviations potentially leading to reprimands, imprisonment, torture and even death.

In the late 1960s Sartre supported the Maoists, a movement that rejected the authority of established communist parties.

In addition to domestic parties, there are branches of pan-Arab secular parties ( Ba ' ath parties, socialist and communist parties ) that were active in the 1960s and throughout the period of civil war.

In addition, the power and popularity of indigenous communist parties in several Western European states worried the United States.

It claimed that " marshallization " must be resisted and prevented by any means, and that French and Italian communist parties were to take maximum efforts to sabotage the implementation of the Plan.

Some communist activists managed to activate a guerrilla movement headed by the underground Bulgarian Communist Party.

As a vocal Communist, he encouraged the formation of a communist student organization.

In Hungary, when the Soviets installed a communist government, Mátyás Rákosi was appointed General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party, which began one of the harshest dictatorships in Europe under the People's Republic of Hungary.

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (, Kommunisticheskaya partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza ; short: КПСС, KPSS ) was the only legal, ruling political party in the Soviet Union and one of the largest communist organizations in the world.

Another communist faction in Georgia, which is larger than SKP, is the United Communist Party of Georgia ( SEKP ).

Gorbachev, as General Secretary of the Communist Party, could be forced to resign at any moment if the communist elite became dissatisfied with him.

However, their efforts were unable to stop the spread of revolutionary movements: the middle classes had been deeply influenced by the ideals of the French revolution, the Industrial Revolution brought important economical and social changes, the lower classes started to be influenced by socialist, communist and anarchistic ideas ( especially those summarised by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in The Communist Manifesto ), and the preference of the new capitalists became Liberalism.

In October 1941, the small Albanian communist groups established in Tirana an Albanian Communist Party of 130 members under the leadership of Hoxha and an eleven-man Central Committee.

Before World War II, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had supported transferring Kosovo to Albania, but Yugoslavia's postwar communist regime insisted on preserving the country's prewar borders.

The Communist party was at this point the largest communist party in western Europe, and remained such for the rest of its existence.

* International Communist Current, a communist organization

In addition, Tito was openly supportive of the Communist side in the Greek Civil War, while Stalin kept his distance, having agreed with Churchill not to pursue Soviet interests there, although he did support the Greek communist struggle politically, as demonstrated in several assemblies of the UN Security Council.

Non-relatives attending the funeral included three communist associates of Marx: Friedrich Lessner, imprisoned for three years after the Cologne communist trial of 1852 ; G. Lochner, whom Engels described as " an old member of the Communist League "; and Carl Schorlemmer, a professor of chemistry in Manchester, a member of the Royal Society, and a communist activist involved in the 1848 Baden revolution.

The history of the communist movement in Cambodia can be divided into six phases: the emergence of the Indochinese Communist Party ( ICP ), whose members were almost exclusively Vietnamese, before World War II ; the 10-year struggle for independence from the French, when a separate Cambodian communist party, the Kampuchean ( or Khmer ) People's Revolutionary Party ( KPRP ), was established under Vietnamese auspices ; the period following the Second Party Congress of the KPRP in 1960, when Saloth Sar ( Pol Pot after 1976 ) and other future Khmer Rouge leaders gained control of its apparatus ; the revolutionary struggle from the initiation of the Khmer Rouge insurgency in 1967 – 68 to the fall of the Lon Nol government in April 1975 ; the Democratic Kampuchea regime, from April 1975 to January 1979 ; and the period following the Third Party Congress of the KPRP in January 1979, when Hanoi effectively assumed control over Cambodia's government and communist party.

In 1930 Ho Chi Minh founded the Communist Party of Vietnam by unifying three smaller communist movements that had emerged in northern, central and southern Vietnam during the late 1920s.

Rosa LuxemburgLeft communism ' is the range of communist viewpoints held by the communist left, which criticizes the political ideas of the Bolsheviks at certain periods, from a position that is asserted to be more authentically Marxist and proletarian than the views of Leninism held by the Communist International after its first and during its second congress.

Prominent left communist groups existing today include the International Communist Current and the International Bureau for the Revolutionary Party.

* Party of Labour of Albania, the sole legal political party in Albania during communist rule ( 1946 – 1991 )

After the fall of the communism in 1990, the former communist party changed to Bulgarian Socialist Party ( BSP ) and won the first post-communist elections for the new constitution in 1990 with a small majority.

Franjo Tuđman's Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) won by a relatively slim margin against Ivica Račan's reformed communist Party of Democratic Change ( SDP ).

* In Turkmenistan, the local party apparatus led by Saparmurat Niyazov was renamed the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan and abandoned communist ideology.

* In Latvia, communist organizations were officially banned and a major part of the party there had broken away in 1990 and formed the Latvian Social Democratic Party.

These included the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan ( PDPA ), which had close ideological ties to the Soviet Union.

The communist regime collapsed in 1990, and the former communist Party of Labour of Albania was routed in elections March 1992, amid economic collapse and social unrest.

Godwin's political views were diverse and do not perfectly agree with any of the ideologies that claim his influence ; writers of the Socialist Standard, organ of the Socialist Party of Great Britain, consider Godwin both an individualist and a communist ; anarcho-capitalist Murray Rothbard did not regard Godwin as being in the individualist camp at all, referring to him as the " founder of communist anarchism "; and historian Albert Weisbord considers him an individualist anarchist without reservation.