Whenever the observer's learning process ( which may be a predictive neural network-see also Neuroesthetics ) leads to improved data compression such that the observation sequence can be described by fewer bits than before, the temporary interestingness of the data corresponds to the number of saved bits.

It is convenient to divide the impact process conceptually into three distinct stages: ( 1 ) initial contact and compression, ( 2 ) excavation, ( 3 ) modification and collapse.

With sufficient compression, electrons are forced into nuclei in the process of electron capture, relieving the pressure.

The process of reducing the size of a data file is popularly referred to as data compression, although its formal name is source coding ( coding done at the source of the data, before it is stored or transmitted ).

Even if this process is more complex than analog processing and has a discrete value range, the application of computational power to digital signal processing allows for many advantages over analog processing in many applications, such as error detection and correction in transmission as well as data compression.

If the pores are filled with water, then the water must be squeezed out of the pores to allow volumetric compression of the soil ; this process is called consolidation.

The GIF encoding process can be modified to create a file that is without LZW compression but still viewable as a GIF image.

During the compression process, pressure, temperature and the density of the fuel mixture increases.

The combustion process typically results in the production of a great quantity of heat, as well as the production of steam and carbon dioxide and other chemicals at very high temperature ; the temperature reached is determined by the chemical make up of the fuel and oxidisers ( see stoichiometry ), as well as by the compression and other factors.

Diesel engines and HCCI ( Homogeneous charge compression ignition ) engines, rely solely on heat and pressure created by the engine in its compression process for ignition.

When the piston moves further down and the cylinder doesn't have anymore gases, fuel mixture starts to flow to the combustion chamber and the second process of fuel compression starts.

A common acronym used to help the recovery process is RICE: rest, ice, compression, and elevation.

Since plasma compression brings the ions closer together, the process has the additional benefit of facilitating attainment of the required density for a fusion reactor.

Because speech signals vary with time, this process is done on short chunks of the speech signal, which are called frames ; generally 30 to 50 frames per second give intelligible speech with good compression.

* Data compression, the process of encoding digital information using fewer bits

* Dynamic range compression, a compression process that reduces the dynamic range of an audio signal

While the compression used in audio recording and the like depends on a variable-gain amplifier, and so is a locally linear process ( linear for short regions, but not globally ), companding is non-linear and takes place in the same way at all points in time.

The creation of free neutrons by electron capture during the rapid compression of the supernova core along with assembly of some neutron-rich seed nuclei makes the r process a primary process ; namely, one that can occur even in a star of pure H and He, in contrast to the B2FH designation as a secondary process.

Some encoders can compress the video in a multiple step process called n-pass encoding ( e. g. 2-pass ), which performs a slower but potentially better quality compression.

* Multiple resolution representation: JPEG 2000 decomposes the image into a multiple resolution representation in the course of its compression process.

A gamma value is sometimes called an encoding gamma, and the process of encoding with this compressive power-law nonlinearity is called gamma compression ; conversely a gamma value is called a decoding gamma and the application of the expansive power-law nonlinearity is called gamma expansion.

A high compression ratio is desirable because it allows an engine to extract more mechanical energy from a given mass of air-fuel mixture due to its higher thermal efficiency.

Direct fuel injection which can inject fuel only at the time of fuel ignition ( similar to a diesel engine ) is another recent development which also allows for higher compression ratios on gasoline engines.

Applying video compression algorithms like MPEG1, MPEG2 or MPEG4 allows for fractional BPP values.

Normalization, which is reversed when 1 is being added above, can be thought of as a form of compression ; it allows a binary significand to be compressed into a field one bit shorter than the maximum precision, at the expense of extra processing.

The height of falling water column maintains compression of the air in the top of the chamber, while an outlet, submerged below the water level in the chamber allows water to flow back to the surface at a slightly lower level than the intake.

Diesel engines take in air only, and shortly before peak compression, spray a small quantity of diesel fuel into the cylinder via a fuel injector that allows the fuel to instantly ignite.

While data reduction ( compression, be it lossy or lossless ) is a main goal of transform coding, it also allows other goals: one may represent data more accurately for the original amount of space – for example, in principle, if one starts with an analog or high-resolution digital master, an MP3 file of a given size should provide a better representation than a raw uncompressed audio in WAV or AIFF file of the same size.

Lossless data compression is a class of data compression algorithms that allows the exact original data to be reconstructed from the compressed data.

The term lossless is in contrast to lossy data compression, which only allows an approximation of the original data to be reconstructed, in exchange for better compression rates.

It also offers a calculator that allows the user to weight the importance of speed and compression ratio.

The " trick " that allows lossless compression algorithms, used on the type of data they were designed for, to consistently compress such files to a shorter form is that the files the algorithms are designed to act on all have some form of easily modeled redundancy that the algorithm is designed to remove, and thus belong to the subset of files that that algorithm can make shorter, whereas other files would not get compressed or even get bigger.

This allows all 4096 colours on screen at once and is an example of lossy image compression in hardware.

This allows higher 10. 4: 1 compression and increased torque.

The leg compression occurs relatively slowly ( compared with the rest of the stroke ) which affords the rower a moment to " recover " ( hence the recovery nomenclature ), and allows the boat to glide through the water.

ATRAC Advanced Lossless provides " scalable " compression ; it records a lossy ATRAC3 or ATRAC3plus stream, and supplements it, in the same file, with a stream of correction information that allows the original signal to be reproduced, if desired.

Compared with standard SNES games, the additional microprocessor allows higher clock speeds ; faster access to the random-access memory ( RAM ); greater memory mapping capabilities, data storage, and compression ; new direct memory access ( DMA ) modes, such as bitmap to bit plane transfer ; and built-in CIC lockout for piracy protection and regional marketing control.

* mechanical stability, which allows the members to remain in tension / compression as stress on the structure increases

Some compression programs, such as gzip and bzip2, provide a special " rsyncable " mode which allows these files to be efficiently rsynced, by ensuring that local changes in the uncompressed file yields only local changes in the compressed file.

This allows for higher compression ratios without " knock ," and leaner air / fuel mixtures than in conventional internal combustion engines.

A fuel with a higher numerical octane rating allows for a much higher compression ratio, which extracts more energy from the fuel and more effectively converts that energy into useful work while at the same time preventing engine damage from pre-ignition.

An advantage of ethanol () is that it has a higher octane rating than ethanol-free gasoline available at roadside gas stations which allows an increase of an engine's compression ratio for increased thermal efficiency.

The high pumping rate for hydrocarbons also allows the Roots pump to provide an effective isolation between oiled pumps, such as rotary compression pumps, and the vacuum chamber.