In recent years, some intergovernmental organizations have extended the concept and terminology associated with citizenship to the international level, where it is applied to the totality of the citizens of their constituent countries combined.

Citizenship at this level is a secondary concept, with rights deriving from national citizenship.

The concept of reversed chirality also figured prominently in the plot of James Blish's Star Trek novel Spock Must Die !, where a transporter experiment gone awry ends up creating a duplicate Spock who turns out to be a perfect mirror-image of the original all the way down to the atomic level.

# Psychological adjustment exists when the concept of the self is such that all the sensory and visceral experiences of the organism are, or may be, assimilated on a symbolic level into a consistent relationship with the concept of self.

This firmly separated all local authority areas ( whether unitary or two-tier ), from the geographical concept of a county as high level spatial unit.

: The knowledge base underlying the INTERNIST system is composed of two basic types of elements: disease entities and manifestations .... also contains a ... hierarchy of disease categories, organized primarily around the concept of organ systems, having at the top level such categories as " liver disease ," " kidney disease ," etc.

In IP multicast the implementation of the multicast concept occurs at the IP routing level, where routers create optimal distribution paths for datagrams sent to a multicast destination address.

What was needed was a pipe-like concept that worked at a much more general level, allowing a broad variety of information to be passed between programs.

Since the early 1960s, theoretical linguists have moved away from the traditional concept of a phoneme, preferring to consider basic units at a more abstract level, as a component of morphemes ; these units can be called morphophonemes, and analysis using this approach is called morphophonology.

However, parasitic computing on the level of checksums is a demonstration of the concept.

It may also seem that this goes beyond the original intentions of the concept with its focus on the ( living ) organism in itself, meaning that the lowest level of biological organization compatible with the phenotype concept is at the cellular level.

The concept of phenotype can be extended to variations below the level of the gene that affect an organism's fitness.

* Register-transfer level for a similar, but distinct, concept in hardware description languages

The concept of holes can also be applied to metals, where the Fermi level lies within the conduction band.

The key concept of the space elevator appeared in 1895 when Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was inspired by the Eiffel Tower in Paris to consider a tower that reached all the way into space, built from the ground up to the altitude of geostationary orbit ( 35, 790 kilometers ( 22, 238 mi ) above sea level ).

Bringing a level of detail and quality to the concept of a campaign setting which had previously been unknown in the nascent RPG industry's publications it could be considered a qualitative reimagining, less heavily entrenched in the tactical mass-combat, wargaming roots of D & D.

This led to the concept of " cap and trade " as a means of achieving the " least cost solution " for a given level of abatement.

The red / black concept can operate on the level of circuits, components, equipment, systems, or the physical areas in which they are contained.

The concept can be understood as normalizing the noise level to 1 ( 0 dB ) and measuring how far the signal ' stands out '.

The intercept point is a purely mathematical concept, and does not correspond to a practically occurring physical power level.

In the words of Stein ( 1960: 1 ): “ The price for maintaining a society that encourages cultural differentiation and experimentation is unquestionably the acceptance of a certain amount of disorganization on both the individual and social level .” All these reflections contributed remarkably to the development of the social capital concept in the following decades.

In 2004 the British hip hop group The Streets released A Grand Don't Come for Free, a concept album charting a period of the protagonists life in which he meets a girl, starts a relationship with her and then breaks up with her after finding out she has been cheating on him.

He came up with the concept of the " variable foot " which Williams never clearly defined, although the concept vaguely referred to Williams ' method of determining line breaks.

The above equation is a good approximation only when the argument of the logarithm is much larger than unity — the concept of an ideal gas breaks down at low values of V / N.

In reference to the above mentioned Jazzmatazz project, Elam told Pete Lewis of Blues & Soul: " Back around ’ 93 — when I first came up with the Jazzmatazz concept — I was noticing how a lot of cats were digging in the crates and sampling jazz breaks to make hip hop records.

The concept refers to a strategy that breaks up existing power structures and prevents smaller power groups from linking up.

The contemporary mathematical expression of the idea of tensor field breaks it down into a two-step concept.

Since there is no equilibrated neighborhood, the concept of temperature breaks down, and the temperature becomes undefined.

This attitude uses reason as a tool, to start a historical criticism of " the limits that are imposed on us " to be exercised in " an experiment with the possibility of going beyond " those limits, the limit-experience that is both an individual act, and one that breaks apart the concept of the individual all together.

The ' Smooth 40 ' later became the ' 9-5 Smooth 40 ', with off-peak shows introducing more commercial breaks into their output, before the concept was dropped altogether in mid-2006.

This new concept breaks with the traditional diasporic model based on the idea that diasporic people are separated by a communal source or origin, offering a second model that privileges hybridity.

The review concluded, " Miss Christie has several surprises up her sleeve besides the main one, and ( this much may be said without spoiling the reader ’ s pleasure ) she once again breaks new ground by creating a weak and kindly murderer who is yet responsible for the deaths of three people: that such a character should, in the last analysis, seem credible, is a tribute to the author ’ s psychological acumen and originality of concept.

The concept of the project is a new peak on Monte Gaiás, made up of a stony crust reminiscent of an archaeological site divided by natural breaks that resemble scallops, the traditional symbol of Compostela.

Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalizing it so that it has wider applications or matching among other abstract descriptions of equivalent phenomena.

This is the concept of ' exact ' or ' perfect ' matching to the translation memory.

Reviewer Shannon Appelcline said ( of the 2nd edition game ) " It's based on a fun concept -- blowing the heck out of each others cars '-- the box design is appealing, and there's a matching Battle Cattle game that's compatible.

The concept of matching animation to classical music was used as early as 1928 in Disney's cartoon series, the Silly Symphonies, but he wanted to go beyond the usual slapstick, and produce shorts where " sheer fantasy unfolds ... action controlled by a musical pattern has great charm in the realm of unreality.

A related concept is reflectionless impedance matching.

Browne's refusal to accept matching funds won him expected praise from libertarians and those who are against the concept of federal matching funds, but also earned him somewhat greater exposure in the " mainstream " media, as very few American presidential candidates who qualified for matching funds refused them.

An early champion of the concept of matching funds, Henry Rogers was a major anonymous contributor to Tuskegee and dozens of other black schools for more than 15 years.

The matching concept dictates that development expenditure be capitalised as the expenditure will generate future economic benefit to the entity.

The concept of impedance matching was originally developed for electrical engineering, but can be applied to any other field where a form of energy ( not necessarily electrical ) is transferred between a source and a load.

Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalising it so that it has wider applications or matching among other abstract descriptions of equivalent phenomena.

It is this concept of " matching ", or " joining ", or even " harmonizing " ( all valid interpretations of ai ) that contains the complexity.

Other names used to describe the same concept include: " coreference / entity / identity / name / record resolution ", " entity disambiguation / linking ", " duplicate detection ", " deduplication ", " record matching ", "( reference ) reconciliation ", " object identification ", " data / information integration ", and " conflation ".

Matching concept is simply matching the expenses of a period against the revenues of the same period.

Principles derive from tradition, such as the concept of matching.

It was here that Graham met DJ Michael Mailly who spent extensive time with Graham, teaching him the concept of beat mixing, counting bars and matching harmonics.

This concept allows for the approximate matching of any curve, conic or not.

The Fusion was the first production car to feature the " new face of Ford " three-bar grille, which ( along with two matching bars below the bumper / fascia forming a five-bar design ) was first seen on a retro V10-powered rear-wheel-drive concept car called the Ford 427, unveiled in 2003 at the North American International Auto Show ( NAIAS ) in Detroit.