Federalism is a political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant ( Latin: foedus, covenant ) with a governing representative head.

By extension, assuming that the labels assigned to subjects are truly representative of their trustworthiness, then the no-read-up and no-write-down rules rigidly enforced by the reference monitor are provably sufficient to constrain Trojan horses, one of the most general classes of attack ( sciz., the popularly reported worms and viruses are specializations of the Trojan horse concept ).

However, the US representative objected to references to " law of humanity " as being imprecise and insufficiently developed at that time and the concept was not pursued.

In this effort, he was greatly aided by the powerful influences of his friend Wonhyo ( hangul: 원효대사, hanja: 元曉 ), who although not an official representative of the school, relied deeply on Hwaeom metaphysical principles to establish his concept of interpenetrated Buddhism ( 通佛教 ).

The main aims of the organization were “ to mobilize the Jewish people and the democratic forces against the Nazi onslaught ”, to “ fight for equal political and economic rights everywhere, and particularly for the Jewish minorities in Central and Eastern Europe ”, to support the establishment of a “ Jewish National Home in Palestine ” and to create “ a worldwide Jewish representative body based on the concept of the unity of the Jewish people, democratically organized and able to act on matters of common concern ”.

The court developed the concept of implied human rights in the Constitution, in cases such as Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth ( 1992 ), Nationwide News v Wills ( 1992 ) and Theophanous v Herald and Weekly Times ( 1994 ), in which the court recognised an implied freedom of political communication arising from the nature of the Constitution in laying out a system of representative government.

Howe initially proposed only an elected legislative council but he was quick to agree with the concept of a fully representative government.

The concept mirrors international representative rules in other sports.

However in rugby union the concept has never been used, as the Queensland and New South Wales teams ceased to be representative, instead becoming more like clubs.

At the heart of this debate is the conflict between liberal representative democracy, based on the Anglo-American political tradition, the English Glorious Revolution and the American Revolution, and the Scottish enlightenment, which is favoured by the Liberals ; and conceptions of direct democracy, based on the Jacobin traditions of the French Revolution, the French enlightenment, in particular Rousseau and the Maoist socialist-democratic concept of the mass line.

Halflings were then dropped from the campaign, and Johnson developed both the initial concept of the kender and the first representative of the fantasy race, Tasslehoff Burrfoot.

Cracker Barrel was founded in 1969 by Dan Evins, a sales representative for Shell Oil, who developed the restaurant and gift store concept initially as a plan to improve gasoline sales.

The idea that writing might function other than phonetically and also as more than merely a representative, delineation of speech allows an absolute concept of logos to end in what Derrida describes as infinitist metaphysics.

Staughton Lynd, though, was critical of the Port Huron and New Left concept of " participatory democracy " stating, " we must recognize that when an organization grows to a certain size, consensus decision-making is no longer possible and some form of representative government becomes necessary.

The " Great American Novel " is the concept of a novel that is distinguished in both craft and theme as being the most accurate representative of the zeitgeist in the United States at the time of its writing.

* Norm, a statistical concept in psychometrics representing the aggregate responses of a standardized and representative group are established for a test, against which a subject is compared

Using Mongolia as representative of the various nomadic tribes of northern and east Asia, the Chinese concept of Heaven was mirrored in that of Tengri.

Cathy Woolard, then the city council representative for district six, was an early supporter of the concept.

Overall, this study is supportive of the concept of deindividuation as Dodd found that behavior changes from what would be normal of a certain individual, to a behavior that is not representative of normal behavioral decisions.

The Freudian concept of representative ( reprasentanz ).

The doctrine was thought to be in contradistinction to several teachings of the Roman Catholic Church: the Pope as Christ's representative head of the Church on earth, the concept of meritorious works, and the idea of a treasury of the merits of saints.

The direct involvement of the executive at this level of the legislative process may have been contrary to the spirit if not the letter of the new constitution ( and the concept of the separation of power expected within a representative democracy ), but it was legitimised by the ongoing approval of the electorate.

In 2009, the much-mooted State of Origin-like concept called " Kiwi Roots ", which would involve two domestic New Zealand representative teams playing each other, was announced to commence in 2010. but has yet to eventuate.

Nietzsche's argument that " God is dead " coincided with his attack on the " herd mentality " of Christianity, democracy and modern collectivism ; his concept of the übermensch ; and his advocacy of the will to power as a primordial instinct, were major influences upon many of the fin-de-siècle generation.

Dewey's most significant writings were " The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology " ( 1896 ), a critique of a standard psychological concept and the basis of all his further work ; Democracy and Education ( 1916 ), his celebrated work on progressive education ; Human Nature and Conduct ( 1922 ), a study of the function of habit in human behavior ; The Public and its Problems ( 1927 ), a defense of democracy written in response to Walter Lippmann's The Phantom Public ( 1925 ); Experience and Nature ( 1925 ), Dewey's most " metaphysical " statement ; Art as Experience ( 1934 ), Dewey's major work on aesthetics ; A Common Faith ( 1934 ), a humanistic study of religion originally delivered as the Dwight H. Terry Lectureship at Yale ; Logic: The Theory of Inquiry ( 1938 ), a statement of Dewey's unusual conception of logic ; Freedom and Culture ( 1939 ), a political work examining the roots of fascism ; and Knowing and the Known ( 1949 ), a book written in conjunction with Arthur F. Bentley that systematically outlines the concept of trans-action, which is central to his other works.

Bentham was an early and staunch supporter of the utilitarian concept ( along with Hume ), an avid prison reformer, advocate for democracy, and strongly atheist.

The concept evolved in Ancient Greece, whereby a council of famous citizens was commonly used and contrasted with direct democracy in which a council of male citizens was appointed as their " senate ".

A further technique that emphasises this sense of democracy and freedom among the musicians is improvisation that is borrowed from jazz in concept, but in practice involves a different vocabulary of scales and rhythms that stay within the parameters of the established tango sound-world.

The concept that underlies social capital has a much longer history ; thinkers exploring the relation between associational life and democracy were using similar concepts regularly by the 19th century, drawing on the work of earlier writers such as James Madison ( The Federalist Papers ) and Alexis de Tocqueville ( Democracy in America ) to integrate concepts of social cohesion and connectedness into the pluralist tradition in American political science.

The concept originates from Alexis de Tocqueville, who asserted that the then-50-year-old United States held a special place among nations because it was a country of immigrants and the first modern democracy.

" Given the situation in Spain for several years regarding terrorist attacks, these ties can be considered objectively as a threat to democracy ," the court said, also adding that these parties " contradicted the concept of a ' democratic society ' and presented a major danger to Spain's democracy ".

Some of the most important modern thinkers who were inspired by the concept of direct democracy are Cornelius Castoriadis, Hannah Arendt, and Pierre Clastres.

He favored universal democracy, equal rights and respect for indigenous populations, and socialist economic policies such as agrarian reform, based on the concept of communal land ownership, and state control of industry.

One concept fundamental to both " liberal " and " totalitarian " democracy is that of liberty.

Many contemporary Muslims have compared the concept of Shura to the principles of western parliamentary democracy.

Specifically, John Locke as part of his argument against the " Divine Right of Kings " in his book Two Treatises of Government defines it this way: “ Tyranny is the exercise of power beyond right, which nobody can have a right to ; and this is making use of the power any one has in his hands, not for the good of those who are under it, but for his own private, separate advantage .” Locke's concept of tyranny influenced the writers of subsequent generations who developed the concept of tyranny as counterpoint to ideas of human rights and democracy.

As lack of finance has been a constant impediment to the development of the arts and literature, the concept of economic democracy through Social Credit had immediate appeal in literary circles.

Finally, other scholars have argued that, since the concept of civil society is closely related to democracy and representation, it should in turn be linked with ideas of nationality and nationalism.

Vice-President Mohammad Hatta was strongly opposed to Sukarno's guided democracy concept.

These spaces acted as the ' commons ' of the people ; a political, social and cultural arena, indeed Jürgen Habermas ' concept of the public sphere links its emergence with the development of democracy.

He argues that the concept of democracy is that of self-government by the people.

He organized a group effort to discuss and document the emergent democracy concept, using a term initially coined by Ross Mayfield.

In it, Yoshino argued that democracy was compatible with the concept of the emperor's sovereignty.

The Socialist favoured democracy, but were lukewarm to the concept of an independent Austria.