This 1980s SPS concept relied less on human presence in space and more on partially self-replicating systems on the Lunar surface under telepresence control of workers stationed on Earth.

Of high import to the storyline is the concept of the Singularity, a point in the near future when the evolution of technology reaches such a speed that thinking machines outpace human minds, a point beyond which we cannot possibly predict what will happen ; and that of von Neumann machines, self-replicating robots that use available raw resources to make copies of themselves.

Von Neumann's concept of a physical self-replicating machine was dealt with only abstractly, with the hypothetical machine using a " sea " or stockroom of spare parts as its source of raw materials.

The next major development of the concept of self-replicating machines was a series of thought experiments proposed by physicist Freeman Dyson in his 1970 Vanuxem Lecture.

The idea of an automated spacecraft capable of constructing copies of itself was first proposed in scientific literature in 1974 by Michael A. Arbib, but the concept had appeared earlier in science fiction such as the 1967 novel Berserker by Fred Saberhagen or the 1950 novellette trilogy The Voyage of the Space Beagle by A. E. van Vogt ( see self-replicating machines in fiction, below ).

This was done by Alonzo Church in 1936 with the concept of " effective calculability " based on his λ calculus and by Alan Turing in the same year with his concept of Turing machines.

However the Greeks ' understanding was limited to the statics of simple machines ; the balance of forces, and did not include dynamics ; the tradeoff between force and distance, or the concept of work.

During the Renaissance the dynamics of the Mechanical Powers, as the simple machines were called, began to be studied from the standpoint of how much useful work they could perform, leading eventually to the new concept of mechanical work.

These machines produced moving images by means of a revolving drum of card illustrations, similar in concept to flip-books, taken from an actual piece of film.

However the Greeks ' understanding was limited to the statics of simple machines ; the balance of forces, and did not include dynamics ; the tradeoff between force and distance, or the concept of work.

During the Renaissance the dynamics of the Mechanical Powers, as the simple machines were called, began to be studied from the standpoint of how much useful work they could perform, leading eventually to the new concept of mechanical work.

The concept behind Cyber 80 was that current 6000-series users would migrate to these machines with relative ease.

Later, inspired by Terry Riley's use of one tape on two tape machines, Brian Eno and Robert Fripp created the technical basis for their No Pussyfooting album — this technological concept was later dubbed Frippertronics.

* The concept of " life expectancy " has become irrelevant to humans and machines thanks to medical immortality and advanced computers.

He illustrated the concept using a graph showing the price / performance ratio of computers with low-power, low-cost machines in the lower left and high-power high-cost machines in the upper right.

While Campbell claimed that Hieronymus machines actually did perform this way, the concept was never fully accepted by Hieronymus or pursued by him in later years.

This ancient concept predates machine tools per se ; the earliest lathes and potter's wheels incorporated it for the workpiece, but the movement of the tool itself on these machines was entirely freehand.

But it was not until the later Middle Ages and the Age of Enlightenment that the modern concept of a machine tool — a class of machines used as tools in the making of metal parts, and incorporating machine-guided toolpath — began to evolve.

In recent computing, programming languages such as Java have re-introduced the concept of p-code " virtual machines ".

Ampex built a handful of multitrack machines during the late 1950s that could record as many as eight tracks on 1 inch tape, based on Les Paul ’ s concept.

He illustrated the concept using a graph showing the price / performance ratio of computers with low-power, low-cost machines in the lower left and high-power high-cost machines in the upper right.

Nondeterministic machines have become a key concept in computational complexity theory, particularly with the description of complexity classes P and NP.

For their joint paper " Finite Automata and Their Decision Problems ," which introduced the idea of nondeterministic machines, which has proved to be an enormously valuable concept.

The album's name and lyrical concept were revealed on January 29, 2011 in an interview by DJ JC Green of Metal Messiah Radio's " Heavy Metal Thunder " show with Russell Allen: the follow-up to Paradise Lost will be titled Iconoclast and will have its lyrics centered around " machines taking over everything and all this technology we put our society into pretty much being our demise.

His design, the " Key-Cassette ", would be similar in design and concept to the earlier Key-Edit, but offer complete editing capability and support for two cassette decks or one cassette and an acoustic coupler modem to upload programs to other machines.

By this time the Army had expressed increasing interest in the concept and had ordered four additional machines and associated software, including a COBOL compiler.

The first practical office of the future concept was probably the series of Memex machines which were presented in Life ( magazine ) on November 1945.

Historically, however, the concept is one that has been of marked benefit to the people of the Western civilizational group.

But it is more than irony: one of the main reasons why nationalism is no longer a tenable concept is because it has spread throughout the planet.

It is interesting, however, that despite this strong upsurge in Southern writing, almost none of the writers has forsaken the firmly entrenched concept of the white-suited big-daddy colonel sipping a mint julep as he silently recounts the revenue from the season's cotton and tobacco crops ; ;

This concept has stimulated much basic research concerning the behavior of particulate biological materials, the pathogenesis of respiratory infections, the medical management of such diseases and defense against their occurrence.

271 - 307 ) indicate, that the concept of function in sociology has been built up from physiological and biological models, in which the notions of teleology, i.e., metaphysical purpose, are central.

Society here and abroad has been built around the dominating male -- even the Bible appears to endorse the concept.

The concept has a long history in philosophical and ethical thought.

Semantic ambiguity arises when a word or concept has an inherently diffuse meaning based on widespread or informal usage.

The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny quantities has been around for millennia, but these ideas were founded in abstract, philosophical reasoning rather than experimentation and empirical observation.

As a formal concept, the method has variously been ascribed to Alhazen, René Descartes ( Discourse on the Method ) and Galileo Galilei.

JBK has pushed the concept of " regional " heathenry as opposed to national " internet heathenry ", and has formed an active network of " Midwest Tribes " which if organized would be one of the largest organizations in America, regularly drawing attendance of over 200 to their yearly event ( Lighting Across the Plains ).

The desire to create air portable armoured vehicles that can still take on conventional MBTs has usually resulted ATGM armed light vehicles or in protected / armoured / mobile gun system style vehicles in which a lack of armour protection being in part offset by the provision of a first look / first hit / first kill capability through the mating of a powerful gun to superior targeting electronics, a concept similar in operation to that of the US tank destroyers of WWII.

Although this concept remains a guiding principle of the profession, it is a concept that has been widely critiqued within the conservation profession and is now considered by many to be " a fuzzy concept ".

A discussion of every disease caused by modification of the various apoptotic pathways would be impractical, but the concept overlying each one is the same: the normal functioning of the pathway has been disrupted in such a way as to impair the ability of the cell to undergo normal apoptosis.

The name has been extended to many other entities, and the concept of a protective shield is found in other mythologies, while its form varies across sources.

He has recently married an 18-year-old trophy wife, Anne, a vain girl who is in love with Fredrik, but too immature to grasp the concept of marriage.

Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalizing it so that it has wider applications or matching among other abstract descriptions of equivalent phenomena.

The concept of a secular day of rest, not directly related to a religious day of rest, has been cited as justification for retention of restrictions on commercial activity on Sunday.

Some philosophers deny that the concept of " being " has any meaning at all, since we only define an object's existence by its relation to other objects, and actions it undertakes.

The concept has fallen into disuse in Australia.

Schaefer ’ s concept of " vocality " offers neither a compromise nor a synthesis of the views which see the poem as on the one hand Germanic, pagan, and oral and on the other Latin-derived, Christian, and literate, but, as stated by Monika Otter: "... a ' tertium quid ', a modality that participates in both oral and literate culture yet also has a logic and aesthetic of its own.

The defining characteristic of the battle as a concept in Military science has been a dynamic one through the course of military history, changing with the changes in the organisation, employment and technology of military forces.