The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world, containing 444 articles, 12 schedules and 94 amendments, with 117, 369 words in its English language version, while the United States Constitution is the shortest written constitution, at 7 articles and 27 amendments.

The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution for a country, containing 395 articles, 12 schedules, numerous amendments and 117, 369 words.

Freedom of speech and expression is protected by article 19 ( 1 ) of the constitution of India, but under article 19 ( 2 ) " reasonable restrictions " can be imposed on freedom of speech and expression in the interest of " the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.

Like the United States, India has had a federal form of government since it adopted its constitution.

The constitution designates the governance of India under two branches, namely: the executive branch and the legislative branch.

The constitution designates the Parliament of India as the legislative branch to oversee the operation of the government.

The constitution through its articles relating to the judicial system provides a way to question the laws of the government, if the common man finds the laws as unsuitable for any community in India.

However, consensual gay sex is not a criminal offense as per the constitution of India.

During the drafting of the Indian constitution, many Indian leaders ( except Nehru ) of that time were in favour of allowing each Princely state or Covenanting State to be independent as a federal state along the lines suggested originally by the Government of India act ( 1935 ).

Eventually, the government by the 26th Amendment to the constitution was successful in abolishing the Princely states of India.

Nehru's daughter, Indira Gandhi, was able to fulfill her father's dream by the 42nd amendment ( 1976 ) of the Indian constitution by which India officially became " socialist " and " secular ".

First, Britain must give an assurance of full independence for India after the war and allow the election of a constituent assembly to frame a new constitution ; second, although the Indian armed forces would remain under the British Commander-in-Chief, Indians must be included immediately in the central government and given a chance to share power and responsibility.

The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states: Part A states, which were the former governors ' provinces of British India, were ruled by an elected governor and state legislature.

Nehru specifically wrote Article 44 of the Indian constitution under the Directive Principles of State Policy which states: ' The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.

Pakistan declared itself an Islamic republic on adoption of a constitution in 1956, but the civilian rule was stalled by the 1958 military coup d ' etat by Ayub Khan, who ruled during a period of internal instability and a second war with India in 1965.

By Article 75 of the constitution of India, remuneration of the prime minister as well as other ministers are to be decided by the Parliament and is renewed from time to time.

The original remuneration for prime minister and other ministers were specified in the Part B of the second schedule of the constitution of India, which was later removed by an amendment.

In modern republics such as the United States and India, the executive is legitimized both by a constitution and by popular suffrage.

* March 15 – Clement Attlee promises independence to India as soon as they can agree on a constitution.

* December 6 – Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, A founding father of modern India, the architect of its constitution and Indian dalit leader ( b. 1891 )

* April 14 – B. R. Ambedkar, One of the founding fathers of modern India and the architect of its constitution ( d. 1956 )

The ROC's constitution still raises claims of sovereignty over Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau – territories that today constitute the PRC – but, according to some interpretations, also over Mongolia, Tuva ( Russia ), and other, minor areas which today are part of Afghanistan, Myanmar, India and Japan.

On May 5, 2010, The Supreme Court of India declared use of narcoanalysis, brain mapping and polygraph tests on suspects as illegal and against the constitution.

The constitution provides for a parliamentary system of government and guarantees certain fundamental rights.

The internal workings of the FSM are governed by the 1979 constitution, which guarantees fundamental human rights and establishes a separation of governmental powers.

The 1975 constitution, which describes Greece as a " presidential parliamentary republic ", includes extensive specific guarantees of civil liberties and vests the powers of the head of state in a president elected by parliament.

That constitution delineates mechanisms for amending it, but it also declares eight articles immutable and unalterable and not subject to change, which include a guarantees of a republican form of government, and an explicit prohibition against presidential candidacy of anyone who has been president previously at any time or for any reason.

Croatian constitution guarantees freedom of speech, but Croatian penal code prohibits and punishes anyone " who based on differences of race, religion, language, political or any other belief, wealth, birth, education, social status or other properties, gender, skin color, nationality or ethnicity violates basic human rights and freedoms recognized from international community ".

The Serbian constitution guarantees freedom of speech, but restricts it in certain cases to protect human rights.

The constitution promulgated at independence on 12 July 1979, establishes the Republic of Kiribati as a sovereign democratic republic and guarantees the fundamental rights of its citizens.

On 3 August 2011, the NTC issued a Constitutional Declaration which declares the statehood of Libya as a democracy with Islam as its state religion, in which the state guarantees the rule of law and an independent judiciary as well as civic and human basic rights ( including freedom of religion and women's rights ), and which contains provisions for a phase of transition to a presidential republic with an elected national assembly and a democratically legitimized constitution by 2013.

While the constitution guarantees the protection of human rights, in practice there are severe limits on freedom of expression, and the government supervises the lives of the people closely.

Paraguay ’ s constitution guarantees the right of workers to unionize and bargain collectively.

The second article of the constitution declares the Spanish nation is the common and indivisible homeland of all Spaniards, which is integrated by nationalities and regions to which the constitution recognizes and guarantees the right to self-government.

The Nigerian legal system is based on the English common law and the constitution guarantees freedom of religion and separation

Shortly after becoming independent in 1991, Ukraine named a parliamentary commission to prepare a new constitution, adopted a multi-party system, and adopted legislative guarantees of civil and political rights for national minorities.

The Constitution of Canada includes the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which guarantees many of the same rights as the U. S. constitution, with the notable exceptions of protection against establishment of religion.

According to Frankfurt Document No 1, the constitution should specify a central Power of German government, but nevertheless respect the administration of the Länder and it should contain provisions and guarantees of individual freedom and individual rights of the German people in respect to their government.

The constitution provides for a parliamentary system of government and guarantees certain fundamental rights.

* Equality: The constitution guarantees equality before the law and outlaws discrimination based on " political, economic or social relations " or " race, creed, sex, social status or family origin " ( Article 14 ).

International bodies such as the United Nations Human Rights Committee, which monitors compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and Amnesty International have argued that many of the guarantees for individual rights contained in the Japanese constitution have not been effective in practice.

The fundamental impetus for this political transformation was a recommendation by the Council of Europe in 1990 that, if Andorra wished to attain full integration in the European Union ( EU ), it should adopt a modern constitution that guarantees the rights of those living and working there.

" Malaysia's constitution guarantees freedom of worship but says all ethnic Malays are Muslim.

In its official response of 11 July 2006 the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs restated the fact that the Portuguese constitution guarantees the republican regime.

In a 14 October 1976 article for The Guardian, he wrote that that " Cambodia had become a worker-peasant-soldier state " and that because its new constitution " guarantees that everyone has the right to work and a fair standard of living, it is one of the most democratic and revolutionary constitutions in existence anywhere ".

Although the 1982 constitution guarantees freedom of speech, the Chinese government often uses the subversion of state power and the protection of state secret clause to imprison those who are critical of the government.

Danish agitators of German nationality could not be touched so long as they were careful to keep within the limits of the law ; pro-Danish newspapers owned and staffed by German subjects enjoyed immunity in accordance with the constitution, which guarantees the liberty of the press.