The two sides of the constructal law: we predict the occurrence of design in nature, and we design devices for human use.

The constructal law puts forth the idea that the generation of design ( configuration, pattern, geometry ) in nature is a physics phenomenon that unites all animate and inanimate systems, and that this phenomenon is covered by the Constructal Law.

The constructal law was stated by Adrian Bejan in 1996 as follows:

The constructal law was proposed in 1996 as a summary of all design generation and evolution phenomena in nature.

The constructal law represents three steps toward making “ design in nature ” a concept and law-based domain in science:

The constructal law is a first principle of physics that accounts for all design and evolution in nature.

The constructal law asks the question: Why does this design arise at all?

The constructal law provides this answer: Because the water flows better with design.

The constructal law covers the tendency of nature to generate designs to facilitate flow.

The constructal law proclaims that this is why we find a similar tree-like structure in all designs that move a current from a point to an area or an area to a point.

Although treelike structures are a very common design in nature, they are only one manifestation of the constructal law.

The constructal law proclaims that all these designs have arisen — and work together — to allow animals, like raindrops in a river basin, to move more easily across a landscape.

Because human beings are not separate from but a part of nature, their designs are also governed by the constructal law.

The constructal law defines the time direction of all evolutionary design phenomena.

The constructal law states that design generation and evolution are macroscopic physics phenomena that arise naturally to provide better and better flow access to the currents that run through them.

The constructal law states that every flow system is destined to remain imperfect.

He pioneered numerous original methods in science, such as the constructal law of design and evolution in nature, entropy generation minimization, scale analysis of convection, heatlines and masslines, transition to turbulence, and designed porous media.

" Constructal " is a word coined by Adrian Bejan, coming from the Latin verb construere, to construct, in order to designate the natural tendency of flow system ( rivers, trees and branches, lungs, tectonic plates and also the engineered forms ) to morph in a constructal evolutionary process toward greater and greater flow access in time.

Adrian Bejan ( 24 September 1948, Galaţi, Romania ) is an American professor and proponent of the constructal theory of design and evolution in nature.

For example, in point-area and point-volume flows, constructal theory predicts tree architectures, such flows displaying at least two regimes: one highly resistive and one with lower resistivity.

Optimality statements ( minimum, maximum, optimum, end design, destiny ), have no place in constructal theory.

* Donald Q. Kern Award from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers ( AIChE ), 2008, for " seminal contributions to heat exchange design based on two original methods: entropy generation minimization, and constructal theory.

To Tilghman the incident was just one of a long list of hair-raising, smash-'em-down adventures on the side of the law which started in 1872 when he was only eighteen years old, and did not end till fifty years later when he was shot dead after warning a drunk to be quiet.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

( That corpus of law was a reflection of the power system in existence during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Prohibition was the law of the land, but it was unpopular ( how many of us oldsters took up drinking in prohibition days, drinking was so gay, so fashionable, especially in the sophisticated Northeast!!

That is to say Gabriel's fundamental law had been so much modified by this time that it was neither fundamental nor law any more.

It is a weakness of Gabriel's analysis that he never seems to realize that his so-called fundamental law had already been cut loose from its foundations when it was adapted to democracy.

But because the governor was determined that friendship should not influence him one way or the other, he looked for a printer with a knowledge of the law ( which Woodruff did not have ), and awarded the contract to a lawyer named John Steele who had started a newspaper in Helena the year before.

He advised the poor woman not to appear in court as what she was charged with was not in violation of law.

His father was a professor at Hartford Theological Seminary, and from him he acquired a conviction, which he passed along to me, that there is in the universe of persons a moral law, the law of love, which is a natural law in the same sense as is the physical law.

In the final analysis his contribution to American historiography was founded on almost intuitive insights into religion, economics, and Darwinism, the three factors which conditioned his search for a law of history.

It was, the brief writers decided, `` man's best hope for a peaceful and law abiding world ''.

Meanwhile, in Moscow, Khrushchev was adding his bit to the march of world law by promising to build a bomb with a wallop equal to 100 million tons of TNT, to knock sense into the heads of those backward oafs who can't see the justice of surrendering West Berlin to communism.

It was my desire to advise the membership of the Legion that the majority of polling places are on private property and, without an amendment to the law, we could not enforce this.

In the earlier sessions there was plentiful discussion on the natural law, which Dr. William V. O'Brien of Georgetown University, advanced as the basis for widely acceptable ethical judgments on foreign policy.

The impression was unmistakable that, whatever one may choose to call it, natural law is a functioning generality with a certain objective existence.

As I have repeatedly stated, this provision is much more restrictive than the general law, popularly known as the Buy American Act.

Wheaton stated that the public law was essentially `` limited to the civilized and Christian peoples of Europe or to those of European origin ''.

If a litigant chooses to enforce a Federal right in a State court, he cannot be heard to object if he is treated exactly as are plaintiffs who press like claims arising under State law with regard to the form in which the claim must be stated -- the particularity, for instance, with which a cause of action must be described.

But the form in which the claim must be stated need not be different from what the State exacts in the enforcement of like obligations created by it, so long as a requirement does not add to, or diminish, the right as defined by Federal law, nor burden the realization of this right in the actualities of litigation ''.

Adventurous experiences create psychological and physiological arousal, which can be interpreted as negative ( e. g. fear ) or positive ( e. g. flow ), and which can be detrimental as stated by the Yerkes-Dodson law.

It may be applied, as it is stated in article 1 of the convention in case of: offenses against penal law ; acts which, whether or not they are offenses, may or do jeopardize the safety of the aircraft or of persons or property therein or which jeopardize good order and discipline on board.

4655 into law on October 31, 1998, which instituted a policy of " regime change " against Iraq, though it explicitly stated it did not provide for direct intervention on the part of American military forces.

Its use is documented at least as far back as the 14th century when a law passed in Huesca in 1349 stated that Item nuyl corridor nonsia usado que faga mercadería ninguna que compre nin venda entre ningunas personas, faulando en algaravia nin en abraych nin en basquenç: et qui lo fara pague por coto XXX sol — essentially penalizing the use of Arabic, Hebrew or Vascuence ( Basque ) with a fine of 30 sols.

He stated that " the fact that my name and address along with my picture can appear on the front of the papers before the so-called ' victim ' has even signed a statement proves that anonymity for rape defendants is a must and that the law must be changed.

Gauss also made important contributions to number theory with his 1801 book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae ( Latin, Arithmetical Investigations ), which, among things, introduced the symbol ≡ for congruence and used it in a clean presentation of modular arithmetic, contained the first two proofs of the law of quadratic reciprocity, developed the theories of binary and ternary quadratic forms, stated the class number problem for them, and showed that a regular heptadecagon ( 17-sided polygon ) can be constructed with straightedge and compass.

Insolvency proceedings under state law, the study stated, are currently faster, less expensive, and more private, with some states not even requiring court filings.

As stated in the U. S. Code, the Commandant shall preside over the Headquarters, Marine Corps, transmit the plans and recommendations of the Headquarters, Marine Corps, to the Secretary and advise the Secretary with regard to such plans and recommendations, after approval of the plans or recommendations of the Headquarters, Marine Corps, by the Secretary, act as the agent of the Secretary in carrying them into effect, exercise supervision, consistent with the authority assigned to commanders of unified or specified combatant commands under chapter 6 of this title, over such of the members and organizations of the Marine Corps and the Navy as the Secretary determines, perform the duties prescribed for him by section 171 of this title and other provisions of law and perform such other military duties, not otherwise assigned by law, as are assigned to him by the President, the Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary of the Navy.

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb developed the law of electrostatic attraction in 1785 as an outgrowth of his attempt to investigate the law of electrical repulsions as stated by Joseph Priestley in England.

# The Law Concerning the Highest State Office of the Reich ( August 1, 1934 ) prescribed that upon the death of the incumbent president, that office would be merged with the office of the chancellor, and that the competencies of the former should be transferred to the " Führer und Reichskanzler Adolf Hitler ", as the law stated.

However, there were those who did not believe this, for instance the Fransiscan friar Roger Bacon ( c. 1214-1294 ) stated that books falsely claiming to be by ancient authors " ought to be prohibited by law ".

Godwin has stated that he introduced Godwin's law in 1990 as an experiment in memetics.

After the introduction of Soviet-style communism to Poland, the 1948 law stated that the age of consent for all sexual acts, homosexual or heterosexual, was 15.

This work encompasses the full range of Talmudic law ; it is organized and reformulated in a logical system — in 14 books, 83 sections and 1000 chapters — with each Halakha stated clearly.

In the United Kingdom, a hotel is required by law to serve food and drinks to all guests within certain stated hours.

The resolution stated " the stipulations contained in the declarations are recognized as fundamental laws of State, and no law, regulation or official action shall conflict or interfere with these stipulations, nor shall any law, regulation or official action prevail over them.

Section 1 of the French law of 1791 stated, " All new discoveries are the property of the author ; to assure the inventor the property and temporary enjoyment of his discovery, there shall be delivered to him a patent for five, ten or fifteen years.

The stated objective of most intellectual property law ( with the exception of trademarks ) is to " Promote progress.