A topographic map is primarily concerned with the topographic description of a place, including ( especially in the 20th and 21st centuries ) the use of contour lines showing elevation.

For best results the lines in a sketch are typically drawn to follow the contour curves of the surface, thus producing a depth effect.

As relief maps show contour lines marking points of equal height, a set of lines marking points of equal potential ( known as equipotentials ) may be drawn around an electrostatically charged object.

In addition to location information maps may also be used to portray contour lines indicating constant values of elevation, temperature, rainfall, etc.

Topographic maps show elevations and relief with contour lines or shading.

They can be used effectively to control erosion and recycle and conserve water and nutrients by building them along contour lines on slopes.

* Topographic survey: a survey that measures the elevation of points on a particular piece of land, and presents them as contour lines on a plot.

This fault line is between the blue / green contour lines and the purple / red / yellow contour lines.

In volume IV of the History of Middle-earth are the early maps of Beleriand, then still called Broseliand, showing the elevation of the land by use of contour lines.

A topographic map is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines in modern mapping, but historically using a variety of methods.

Topographic maps conventionally show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines.

It is often considered to include the graphic representation of the landform on a map by a variety of techniques, including contour lines, hypsometric tints, and relief shading.

In the United States, USGS topographic maps show relief using contour lines.

Many government and private publishers use the artwork ( especially the contour lines ) from existing topographic map sheets as the basis for their own specialized or updated topographic maps.

Information on declination for a region can be represented by a chart with isogonic lines ( contour lines with each line representing a fixed declination ).

Globe: map showing locations of observatories and contour lines giving horizontal magnetic intensity in Micro-| μ Tesla ( unit ) | T.

* < cite id =" fn_1 "> Note 1 :</ cite > The old, winding course of the Great Ouse was from the bottom of the map, along the green-dotted footpath, just south of the roundabout, along the Holmes River, westwards through the northern fringe of Littleport and northwards between the two brown 0 metre contour lines, until it passed out of the top of the map.

In general the contour lines of and may be distinct, so following the contour line for one could intersect with or cross the contour lines of.

Since the gradient of a function is perpendicular to the contour lines, this is the same as saying that the gradients of f and g are parallel.

A function f ( x ) is quasiconcave if the upper contour sets of the function are convex sets.

Consider, for purposes of illustration, a mountainous landscape M. If f is the function sending each point to its elevation, then the inverse image of a point in ( a level set ) is simply a contour line.

* in terms of contour integrals of a complex-valued function f ( z ); z = x + iy, with a pole on the contour.

The simple contour C ( black ), the zeros of f ( blue ) and the poles of f ( red ).

Specifically, if f ( z ) is a meromorphic function inside and on some closed contour C, and f has no zeros or poles on C, then

where N and P denote respectively the number of zeros and poles of f ( z ) inside the contour C, with each zero and pole counted as many times as its multiplicity, respectively order, indicates.

For example, if f is a polynomial having zeros z < sub > 1 </ sub >, ..., z < sub > p </ sub > inside a simple contour C, and g ( z ) = z < sup > k </ sup >, then

Rouché's theorem, named after, states that if the complex-valued functions f and g are holomorphic inside and on some closed contour K, with | g ( z )| < | f ( z )| on K, then f and f + g have the same number of zeros inside K, where each zero is counted as many times as its multiplicity.

Conversely, British English favours fitted as the past tense of fit generally, whereas the preference of American English is more complex: AmEng prefers fitted for the metaphorical sense of having made an object " fit " ( i. e., suited ) for a purpose ; in spatial transitive contexts, AmEng uses fitted for the sense of having made an object conform to an unchanged object that it surrounds ( e. g., " fitted X around Y ") but fit for the sense of having made an object conform to an unchanged object that surrounds it ( e. g., " fit X into Y "); and for the spatial senses ( both intransitive and transitive ) of having been matching with respect to contour, with no alteration of either object implied, AmEng prefers fit (" The clothes fit.

This still involves basic ontological issues of the sort raised by Leibniz Locke, Hume, Whitehead and others, which remain outstanding particularly in relation to the binding problem, the question of how different perceptions ( e. g. color and contour in vision ) are " bound " to the same object when they are processed by separate areas of the brain.

Standard SV-clauses can also be interrogative or exclamative, however, given the appropriate intonation contour and / or the appearance of a question word, e. g.

Cargo floor contour: Favoring cargo capacity, a station wagon may prioritize a fold-flat floor, where a hatchback would more likely allow a cargo floor with pronounced contour ( e. g. the new Mini or the sixth generation Ford Fiesta ).

Cargo floor contour: Favoring cargo capacity, a station wagon may prioritize a fold-flat floor, where a hatchback would more likely allow a cargo floor with pronounced contour ( e. g. the new Mini or the sixth generation Ford Fiesta ).

* Elevation data, either in raster or vector ( e. g., contour lines ) form

* Seeland-Trois lacs, 1: 75. 000, not directly based on any topographical map ( e. g. it lacks contour lines ).

Charts include: depths ( chart datum ), coastline, bouyage, land and underwater contour lines, seabed composition ( for anchoring ), hazards, tidal information (" tidal diamonds "), prominent land features ( e. g. church towers ), traffic separation schemes, RF direction finding information, lights, and in short anything which could assist navigation.

Wherever the vowel is unreduced in pronunciation, e. g. contour, velour, paramour and troubadour the spelling is the same everywhere.

Only when the contour line for meets contour lines of tangentially, do we not increase or decrease the value of — that is, when the contour lines touch but do not cross.

Although the saline breast implant can yield good-to-excellent results of breast size, contour, and feel, when compared to silicone-implant results, the saline implant is likelier to cause cosmetic problems such as rippling, wrinkling, and being noticeable to the eye and to the touch.

A special case of this contour integral occurs when is the unit circle ( and can be used when the ROC includes the unit circle which is always guaranteed when is stable, i. e. all the poles are within the unit circle ).

The lemon sign refers to the shape of the fetal skull at ultrasonography ( US ) when the frontal bones lose their normal convex contour and appear flattened or inwardly scalloped.

Though the tuning varies greatly, there does exist some uniformity to contour when same melody heard on different kulintang sets.

Naturally the analogues of contour integrals will be harder to handle: when n = 2 an integral surrounding a point should be over a three-dimensional manifold ( since we are in four real dimensions ), while iterating contour ( line ) integrals over two separate complex variables should come to a double integral over a two-dimensional surface.

When the pitch descends, the contour is called a falling tone ; when it ascends, a rising tone ; when it descends and then returns, a dipping or falling-rising tone ; and when it ascends and then returns, it is called a peaking or rising-falling tone.

Then, according to the motion equation of the contour, one can easily derive a similar flow for the implicit surface that when applied to the zero-level will reflect the propagation of the contour.

90 %) and rounded contour of the breasts are conferred by the adipose fat interspersed amongst the lobules — except during pregnancy and lactation, when breast milk constitutes most of the breast volume.

) Nakagawa proposes that the contour and glottalized clicks are not single sounds, but sequences of a click and a uvular or glottal consonant, though Miller ( 2011 ) notes that such an analysis creates problems when extended to other languages with clicks.

An equal-loudness contour is a measure of sound pressure ( dB SPL ), over the frequency spectrum, for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones.