In the context of heat and mass transfer, the term " convection " is used to refer to the sum of advective and diffusive transfer.

Note that in common use the term convection may refer loosely to heat transfer by convection, as opposed to mass transfer by convection, or the convection process in general.

The term convection may have slightly different but related usages in different scientific or engineering contexts or applications.

The convection term may, by a vector calculus identity, be expressed without a tensor derivative:

The term radiator in this context is misleading since most heat transfer from the heat exchanger is by convection, not radiation.

A third term, thermal transmittance, incorporates the thermal conductance of a structure along with heat transfer due to convection and radiation.

The air tends to rise in an updraft through the process of convection ( hence the term convective precipitation ).

Despite the name, radiators generally transfer the bulk of their heat via convection, not by thermal radiation, though the term " convector " is used more narrowly ; see radiation and convection, below.

One might expect the term " radiator " to apply to devices that transfer heat primarily by thermal radiation ( see: infrared heating ), while a device which relied primarily on natural or forced convection would be called a " convector ".

In practice, the term " radiator " refers to any of a number of devices in which a liquid circulates through exposed pipes ( often with fins or other means of increasing surface area ), notwithstanding that such devices tend to transfer heat mainly by convection and might logically be called convectors.

This can change due to the unsteadiness in the flow captured by ( the unsteady term ) or due to the motion of the fluid particle as it moves from one point to another, ( the convection term ).

Forced convection is a term used when the streams and currents in the fluid are induced by external means — such as fans, stirrers, and pumps — creating an artificially induced convection current.

It was in this work that he coined the term " convection " to describe a type of energy transfer.

Crossover is the term used to describe the tube that connects from the convection section outlet to the radiant section inlet.

In addition to the wide range of length and time scales and the associated computational cost, the governing equations of fluid dynamics contain a non-linear convection term and a non-linear and non-local pressure gradient term.

This is the convection or the advection term.

Most the rainfall in the south-west is caused by Atlantic depressions or by convection.

In summer, a large proportion of the rainfall is caused by sun heating the ground leading to convection and to showers and thunderstorms.

( Due to air convection between two panes of glass, the bottom part of the glazing unit is always colder than the top part.

There is an intimate coupling between the movement of the plates on the surface and the convection of the mantle: oceanic plate motions and mantle convection currents always move in the same direction, because the oceanic lithosphere is the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of the convecting mantle.

The mechanism is named after the effect of solar radiation passing through glass and warming a greenhouse, but the way it retains heat is fundamentally different as a greenhouse works by reducing airflow, isolating the warm air inside the structure so that heat is not lost by convection.

In fluid dynamics, laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum diffusion and low momentum convection.

The energy is carried by either radiation or convection, with the latter occurring in regions with steeper temperature gradients, higher opacity or both.

One wire coil is used as a heater, and the other is used to measure nearby temperature due to convection.

The upper one is the Labrador Sea Water ( LSW ), formed due to deep winter convection in the Labrador Sea.

While the reason for this underabundance is not yet fully understood, one possibility is that convection in stellar interiors can ' overshoot ' into regions where radiation is normally the dominant mode of energy transport.

Another effect of buildings is the blocking of wind, which also inhibits cooling by convection.

Since the tube requires a vacuum to operate, convection cooling of the plate is not generally possible ( except in special applications where the anode forms a part of the vacuum envelope ; this is generally avoided due to the shock hazard from the anode voltage ).

The CNO cycle is highly temperature sensitive, which results in a convection zone about the core that evenly distributes the ' ash ' from the fusion reaction within the core region.

This is in contrast to the Sun, which has a radiation zone centered on the core with an overlying convection zone.

The temperature gradient may also mean Vega has a convection zone around the equator, while the remainder of the atmosphere is likely to be in almost pure radiative equilibrium.

Hot smoke is drawn past the meat by convection for very slow cooking.

At the lower end of the power rating range, dry and liquid-immersed transformers are often self-cooled by natural convection and radiation heat dissipation.

The oil-filled tank often has radiators through which the oil circulates by natural convection.

However in thermodynamics " convection " often refers specifically to heat transfer by convection.

In cases of mixed convection ( natural and forced occurring together ) one would often like to know how much of the convection is due to external constraints, such as the fluid velocity in the pump, and how much is due to natural convection occurring in the system.

They are also often seen underneath the cirrostratus and altostratus sheets that often precede a warm front as these higher clouds decrease the Sun's heat and therefore convection, causing any cumulus clouds to spread out into stratocumulus.

Cumulus humilis or stratocumulus clouds are often found below cirrostratus formations, this being due to the stable air associated with cirrostratus creating an inversion and restricting convection, causing cumuliform clouds to become flattened.

The latter process is often called " natural convection ".

* A solar chimney often referred to as thermal chimney improves this natural ventilation by using convection of air heated by passive solar energy.

The steady state with convection is often a pattern of macroscopically visible hexagonal cells with convection up or down in the middle or at the ' walls ' of each cell, depending on the temperature dependence of the quantities ; in the atmosphere under various conditions it seems that either is possible.

In order to heat water using solar energy, a collector, often fastened to a roof or a wall facing the sun, heats working fluid that is either pumped ( active system ) or driven by natural convection ( passive system ) through it.

A solar chimney — often referred to as a thermal chimney — is a way of improving the natural ventilation of buildings by using convection of air heated by passive solar energy.

A salamander heater is any of a variety of portable forced-air or convection heaters, often kerosene-fueled, used in ventilated areas for worksite comfort.

Commercial fryers with infrared heating or convection heating are efficient, but often expensive.

The absorption of solar light at or near the planetary surface increases the temperature gradient and may result in convection ( a major process of cloud formation, often associated with precipitation ).

* Heat Transfer Memorial Award, 1994, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, science " category, " for significant and often unconventional contributions to heat transfer, notably in natural convection, thermodynamic aspects of heat transfer, convection in porous media, thermal tribology, solar energy conversion, cryogenics, and transition to turbulence ; and for bringing modern research results and methods into heat transfer education.

Char siu is used to marinate and prepare a variety of meats which can either be cooked in a conventional or convection oven ( often not requiring the use of a fork or " Cha ( zi )" as traditional Chinese ovens do ), on a standard Barbecue, or even in an underground Hawaiian imu.