Basil, St. Ephraem, and, a little later, by several councils in Gaul and Spain, and by the various monastic rules ( see texts in Bäumer-Biron, l. c., 78, 80, 118-27, 188-98, 208, etc .).

It was one of three national councils of bishops of the land that formed Gaul ( modern France ).

The Council of Vaison may refer to several pre-Schism church councils held at Vaison in Gaul ( present-day France ).

After his election, Berhtwald went to Gaul for consecration and then presided over two councils that attempted to settle the Wilfrid issue, finally succeeding at the second council in 705.

It seems probable that there was considerable diversity in various times and places, through councils, both in Gaul and Hispania, tried to bring about some uniformity.

In 362 was held one of the most important of these councils.

Both the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church recognise as ecumenical the first seven councils, held from the 4th to the 9th century ; but while the Eastern Orthodox Church accepts no later council or synod as ecumenical, the Roman Catholic Church continues to hold general councils of the bishops in full communion with the Pope, reckoning them as ecumenical, and counting in all, including the seven recognized by the Eastern Orthodox Church, twenty-one to date.

The ecumenical councils are seen as traditional and as a continuation of previous councils or synods, which had already been held in the Empire before Christianity was made legal.

In the first millennium, various theological and political differences such as Nestorianism or Dyophysitism caused parts of the Church to separate after councils such as those of Ephesus and Chalcedon, but councils recognized as ecumenical continued to be held.

The Roman Catholic Church recognizes as ecumenical various councils held later than the First Council of Ephesus ( after which churches out of communion with the Holy See because of the Nestorian Schism did not participate ), later than the Council of Chalcedon ( after which there was no participation by churches that rejected Dyophysitism ), later than the Second Council of Nicaea ( after which there was no participation by the Eastern Orthodox Church ), and later than the Fifth Council of the Lateran ( after which groups that adhered to Protestantism did not participate ).

* Canon 6: Provincial councils must be held annually for the reform of morals, especially those of the clergy.

At the time that these councils were being held, this division was not entirely apparent.

While Constantinople experienced a succession of councils alternately approving and condemning doctrine concerning hesychasm considered as identified with Palamism ( the last of the five senses in which, according to Kallistos Ware, the term is used ), the Western Church held no council in which to make a pronouncement on the issue, and the word " hesychasm " does not appear in the Enchiridion Symbolorum et Definitionum ( Handbook of Creeds and Definitions ), the collection of Roman Catholic teachings originally compiled by Heinrich Joseph Dominicus Denzinger.

Elections are held in Marxist-Leninist states for all positions within the legislative structure, municipal councils, national legislatures and presidencies.

The first uniform elections for these councils covering the whole area of the city were held on 20 March 2011.

In March 1179, Alexander III held the Third Council of the Lateran, one of the most important mediaeval church councils, reckoned by the Roman Church as the eleventh ecumenical council.

He ordered councils held throughout the West so that legates could present the universal tradition of the Western Church.

In accordance with a decree of the Council of Constance, ordering that councils should be held every five years, Martin V summoned a council in 1423 that met first at Pavia and later at Siena ( the " Council of Siena ").

Greens held mayorships in California and New York, and positions on city, neighborhood, or common councils in the West, South, Midwest, and Northeast.

During the 13th century four councils were held, including the 1209 council in which the inhabitants of Toulouse were excommunicated from the church by the council for failing to expel the Albigensian heretics from Toulouse.

During the next five centuries only six further councils were held.

The councils of 1664 and 1725 were held to formulate disciplinary decrees.

Simultaneously with the elections to the London Borough councils, a referendum was held on the establishment of the GLA in May 1998, which was approved with 72 % of the vote.

Towards the end of his pontificate trouble began anew in England ; Paschal II complained in 1115 that councils were held and bishops translated without his authorization, and he threatened Henry I with excommunication.

When the letter reached Rome, Donus had died, but his successor, Pope Agatho, agreed to the Emperor's suggestion and ordered councils held throughout the West so that legates could present the tradition of the Western Church.

The Pope and a council he had held in Rome were represented ( as was normal at eastern ecumenical councils ) by a few priests and bishops.

The first volume of the Disputationes treats of the Word of God, of Christ, and of the Pope ; the second of the authority of ecumenical councils, and of the Church, whether militant, expectant, or triumphant ; the third of the sacraments ; and the fourth of Divine grace, free will, justification, and good works.

The Oriental Orthodox Churches ( also called Old Oriental Churches ) are those eastern churches that recognize the first three ecumenical councils — Nicaea, Constantinople and Ephesus — but reject the dogmatic definitions of the Council of Chalcedon and instead espouse a Miaphysite christology.

In the early Church, the first canons were decreed by bishops united in " Ecumenical " councils ( the Emperor summoning all of the known world's bishops to attend with at least the acknowledgement of the Bishop of Rome ) or " local " councils ( bishops of a region or territory ).

Christology was a major focus of these debates, and was addressed at every one of the first seven ecumenical councils.

The Church of the East ( accused by others of adhering to Nestorianism ) accepts as ecumenical only the first two councils.

Anglicans and confessional Protestants, accept either the first seven or the first four as Ecumenical councils.

However, the Orthodox churches accept only the first seven general councils as genuinely ecumenical, while Roman Catholics accept twenty-one.

Only a very few Protestants believe in the infallibility of ecumenical councils, but they usually restrict this infallibility to the Christological statements of the first seven councils.

Lutheran Christians recognize the first four councils, whereas most High Church Anglicans accept all seven as persuasive but not infallible.

While the Russian Orthodox Church does recognize the first seven ecumenical councils as valid, some Russian Orthodox theologians believe that the infallibility of these councils ' statements derived from their acceptance by the faithful ( and thus from the infallibility of all believers ), and not from the acts of the councils themselves.

The first seven councils recognized in both East and West as ecumenical and several others to which such recognition is refused were called by the Byzantine emperors.

The Eastern Orthodox Church accepts the first seven ecumenical councils, with the Council in Trullo considered a continuation of the sixth.

The first seven councils were called by the Byzantine Emperors and the sixteenth by the future Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund.

Many Protestants ( especially those belonging to the magisterial traditions, such as Lutherans, or those such as Methodists, that broke away from the Anglican Communion ) accept the teachings of the first seven councils but do not ascribe to the councils themselves the same authority as Roman Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox do.

Regional governors are appointed, usually from the royal family, and preside over one or more municipal councils, half of whose members are appointed and half elected.

Slightly over half the members of each national park authority are appointees from the principal local authorities covered by the park ; the remainder are appointed by the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, some to represent local parish councils, others selected to represent the " national interest ".

Decisions are taken by majority ( more than half of the votes, Subarticle 2 ) and without mandate ( Subarticle 3 ) — a reference to the situation under the Republic when each delegate had to vote on instruction from the nobles or city councils he represented.

In addition to giving the Executive Council a large majority of African ministers, it created an assembly, half the elected members of which were to come from the towns and rural districts and half from the traditional councils, including, for the first time, the Northern Territories.

While these pre-reformation movements did presage and sometimes discussed a break with Rome and papal authority, they also provoked restorationist movements within the church, such as the councils of Constance and Basle, which were held in the first half of the 15th century.

However, they strenuously objected to a push to amalgamate the councils into one mega-council, known as The Greater Sydney Movement, that happened from the early part of the 1890s till the later half of the 1930s.

Male citizens over the age of 21 voted for half of the members of their municipal councils.

The children vowed and given by their parents to the monastic life, in houses under the Rule of St. Benedict, were commonly known by the name during the century and a half when the custom was in vogue, and the councils of the Church treated them as monks — that is, until the Council of Toledo ( 656 ) forbade their acceptance before the age of ten and granted them free permission to leave the monastery, if they wished, when they reached the age of puberty.

" Collins notes that " of the few provincial councils that are known to have taken place in Spain before 589, nearly half were held during his reign: I Barcelonia in 540, Lerida in 546 and Valencia also in 546.