* Chemical fixation – for biological specimens aims to stabilize the specimen's mobile macromolecular structure by chemical crosslinking of proteins with aldehydes such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, and lipids with osmium tetroxide.

Some natural occurring chemicals may also promotes crosslinking, such as psoralens after activation by UV radiation, and nitrous acid.

The glass transition temperature may be engineered by altering the degree of branching or crosslinking in the polymer or by the addition of plasticizer.

Paints that cure by oxidative crosslinking are generally single package coatings.

In addition to intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, keratins have large amounts of the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine, required for the disulfide bridges that confer additional strength and rigidity by permanent, thermally-stable crosslinking — a role sulfur bridges also play in vulcanized rubber.

It kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins and is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells.

Corneal collagen crosslinking with riboflavin, also known as CXL, CCR, CCL and KXL, involves a one-time application of riboflavin solution to the eye that is activated by illumination with UV-A light for approximately 30 minutes.

Thus, it is able to bind to penicillin-binding proteins ( PBPs ) and inhibit peptidoglycan crosslinking, but it is not bound by or inactivated by β-lactamases.

In accordance with current mathematical modelling of IR-insulin kinetics, there are two important consequences to the events of insulin crosslinking ; 1. that by the aforementioned observation of negative cooperation between IR and its ligand that subsequent binding of ligand to the IR is reduced and 2. that the physical action of crosslinking brings the ectodomain into such a conformation that is required for intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation events to ensue ( i. e. these events serve as the requirements for receptor activation and eventual maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis ).

Monomers are subsequently N-glycosylated, arranged into dimers in the endoplasmic reticulum and into multimers in the Golgi apparatus by crosslinking of cysteine residues via disulfide bonds.

: The permanent press effect arises from crosslinking of molecules of cellulose by chemical agents such as DMDHEU.

Evidences for this fact includes decreased solubility of Fc-epsilon receptors ( FcεR ) in Triton X-100 from steady state to crosslinking state, formation of patches large enough to be visualized by fluorescence microscopy from gangliosides and GPI-anchored proteins, abolition of IgE signaling by surface cholesterol depletion with methyl-β-cyclodextrin and so on.

The interactions or mere proximity of proteins can be studied by the clever use of crosslinking agents.

Protein interactions are often too weak or transient to be easily detected, but, by crosslinking, the interactions can be captured and analyzed.

In-vivo crosslinking of protein complexes using photo-reactive amino acid analogs was introduced in 2005 by researchers from the Max Planck Institute In this method, cells are grown with photoreactive diazirine analogs to leucine and methionine, which are incorporated into proteins.

Synthetic rubber used for tires is made by crosslinking rubber through the process of vulcanization.

Alkyd enamels, the dominant type of commercial oil-based paint, cure by oxidative crosslinking after exposure to air.

For example, the crosslinking is often achieved by adding 0. 5-25 % of divinylbenzene to styrene at the polymerization process.

It works by binding to DNA, crosslinking two strands and preventing cell duplication.

The crosslinking is often accomplished by applying formaldehyde to the cells ( or tissue ), although it is sometimes advantageous to use a more defined and consistent crosslinker such as DTBP.

This is an effect similar to that of polymer crosslinking, but less pronounced.

Polydimethylsiloxane is often used for this purpose, since its specific crosslinking results in a flexible and soft silcone with high durability and tack.

The final maturation stage occurs after ten weeks, and during this time there is an increase in crosslinking of the collagen fibrils, which causes the tissue to become stiffer.

This is why novolacs ( F: P < 1 ) don't harden without the addition of a crosslinking agent, and why resoles with the formula F: P > 1 will.

As each site 1 proximally faces site 2, upon insulin binding to a specific site, ' crosslinking ' via ligand between monomers is predicted to occur ( i. e. as 1 Site 1-Insulin-monomer 2 Site ( 4 / 2 ') or as 1 Site 2-Insulin-monomer 2 site ( 3 / 1 ')).

The " drying ", hardening, or, more properly, curing of oils is the result of autoxidation, the addition of oxygen to an organic compound and the subsequent crosslinking.

Their role is supposedly to penetrate the hair and strengthen its structure through polymer crosslinking.

When " crosslinking " is used in the biological field, it refers to the use of a probe to link proteins together to check for protein – protein interactions, as well as other creative cross-linking methodologies.

Although the term is used to refer to the " linking of polymer chains " for both sciences, the extent of crosslinking and specificities of the crosslinking agents vary.

( While many people believe that cathodic technologies have higher corrosion protection capability, other experts argue that this probably has more to do with the coating polymer and crosslinking chemistry rather than on which electrode the film is deposited.

A significant and real difference which is not often mentioned is the fact that acid catalyzed crosslinking technologies are more appropriate to the anodic process.

The deposited film in cathodic systems is quite alkaline, and acid catalyzed crosslinking technologies have not been preferred in cathodic products in general, although there have been some exceptions.

Due to the scission efficiency generally being an order of magnitude higher than the crosslinking efficiency, most polymers used for positive tone electron beam lithography will crosslink ( and therefore become negative tone ) at doses an order of magnitude than doses used for positive tone exposure.

Disulfides R – S – S – R with a covalent sulfur to sulfur bond are important for crosslinking: in biochemistry for the folding and stability of some proteins and in polymer chemistry for the crosslinking of rubber.

This irreversible inhibition of the PBPs prevents the final crosslinking ( transpeptidation ) of the nascent peptidoglycan layer, disrupting cell wall synthesis.

Some alkylating agents may produce crosslinking of DNA.

In general, tensile strength increases with polymer chain length and crosslinking of polymer chains.

" Vulcanization curve " showing the increase in viscosity of the polymeric material during crosslinking.

Even with natural rubber, large amounts of sulfur, as well as high temperatures and long heating periods are necessary and one obtains an unsatisfactory crosslinking efficiency with unsatisfactory strength and aging properties.

The combined cure package in a typical rubber compound consist of sulfur together with an assortment of compounds that modify the kinetics of crosslinking and stabilize the final product.

The crosslinking of guar with metal ions results in a linear gel that does not block the formation and helps efficiently in formation cleaning process.

By varying the-Si-O-chain lengths, side groups, and crosslinking, silicones can be synthesized with a wide variety of properties and compositions.

Thermochemical changes involve decomposition of the explosives and binders, loss of strength of binder as it softens or melts, or stiffening of the binder if the increased temperature causes crosslinking of the polymer chains.

Thermosets, which cannot flow after the chemical crosslinking occurs, are susceptible to crosslinking in the injection barrel and encapsulating the screw and check valves leading to flow obstructions, mechanical seizures, damage to expensive components, and timely / costly down-times during the mechanical removal of thermosetting polymer from the injection components.

The high crosslinking gives this type of phenolic resin its hardness, good thermal stability, and chemical imperviousness.