Vulcanization serves two purposes: establishing the negative space inside the mold as well as hardening the rubber so it will remain strong and rigid during casting.

Vulcanization of rubber creates more disulfide bonds between chains, so it shortens each free section of chain.

Vulcanization or vulcanisation is a chemical process for converting rubber or related polymers into more durable materials via the addition of sulfur or other equivalent " curatives.

Vulcanization is generally irreversible, similar to other thermosets and in contrast to thermoplastic processes ( the melt-freeze process ) that characterize the behavior of most modern polymers.

The circumstances attending the discovery of his celebrated process is thus described by Mr. Goodyear himself in his book, " Gum Elastic and Its Varieties, with a detailed account of its application and uses and of the Discovery of Vulcanization.

Vulcanization stabilized the rubber allowing it to be both durable and flexible.

Vulcanization is an example of cross-linking.

Vulcanization is a step in the processing of several classes of rubbers, including polychloroprene ( Neoprene < sup > TM </ sup >), styrene-butadiene, and polyisoprene, which is chemically identical to natural rubber.

Vulcanization is an integral step that occurs halfway through the mold-making process.

A calibration curve plot showing Detection limit | limit of detection ( LOD ), Detection limit | limit of quantification ( LOQ ), dynamic range, and limit of linearity ( LOL ).

This displacement is necessarily tangent to the curve at s, showing that the unit vector tangent to the curve is:

In economics, the Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of the cumulative distribution function of the empirical probability distribution of wealth ; it is a graph showing the proportion of the distribution assumed by the bottom y % of the values.

Parabolic curve showing directrix ( L ) and focus ( F ).

Parabolic curve showing chord ( L ), focus ( F ), and vertex ( V ).

* Phase response curve showing biological responses to light and to exogenous melatonin in animals

In microeconomic theory, an indifference curve is a graph showing different bundles of goods between which a consumer is indifferent.

Budget constraints gives a straight line on the indifference map showing all the possible distributions between the two goods ; the point of maximum utility is then the point at which an indifference curve is tangent to the budget line ( illustrated ).

He reasoned that if the animals were showing insight, then their time to escape would suddenly drop to a negligible period, which would also be shown in the learning curve as an abrupt drop ; while animals using a more ordinary method of trial and error would show gradual curves.

Schematic diagram of the Yinwan Han dynasty Liubo divination diagram, showing the positions of the sixty terms of the sexagenary cycle ( following the corrections of Zeng Lanying ) and examples of the nine board positions: A = fāng 方 " square "; B = lián 廉 ( pàn 畔 ) " edge "; C = jié 楬 ( jiē 揭 ) " lift "; D = dào 道 " path "; E = zhāng 張 " stretch "; F = qū 曲 ( jiǔ 究 ) " bend "; G = qū 詘 ( qū 屈 ) " curve "; H = cháng 長 ( xuán 玄 ) " long "; I = gāo 高 " tall " ( terms used in Xu Bochang's rhyme given in brackets if different ).

Clapeyron, in his memoire, presented Carnot's work in a more accessible and analytic graphical form, showing the Carnot cycle as a closed curve on an indicator diagram, a chart of pressure against volume ( named in his honor Clapeyron's graph ).

Bearing life is statistical: several samples of a given bearing will often exhibit a bell curve of service life, with a few samples showing significantly better or worse life.

Exterior of the West Wing ( circa 1910 ), showing the curve of the Taft Oval Office.

Diagram of a stress-strain curve, showing the relationship between stress ( force applied ) and strain ( deformation ) of a ductile metal.

Stress-strain curve showing typical yield behavior for nonferrous alloys.

An idealized uniaxial stress-strain curve showing elastic and plastic deformation regimes for the deformation theory of plasticity

Fig. 1 Stress – strain curve showing typical yield behavior for nonferrous alloys.

Carbon dioxide pressure-temperature phase diagram showing the triple point and Critical point ( thermodynamics ) | critical point of carbon dioxide In the phase diagram to the right, the boundary curve between the liquid and gas regions maps the constraint between temperature and pressure when the single-component system has separated into liquid and gas phases at equilibrium.

A typical curve showing section lift coefficient versus angle of attack for a cambered airfoil

A curve showing a 15 % cost reduction for every doubling of output is called an “ 85 % experience curve ”, indicating that unit costs drop to 85 % of their original level.

In statistics, an ogive is a graph showing the curve of a cumulative distribution function ( which, for the normal distribution, resembles one side of an Arabesque or ogival arch ).

But the graphical construction was perfectly clear to him — he made an ornamental tiling showing a picture of the curve in his home in Turin.

A point inside the curve ( as at A ), is feasible but represents production inefficiency ( wasteful use of inputs ), in that output of one or both goods could increase by moving in a northeast direction to a point on the curve.

Other factors can change demand ; for example an increase in income will shift the demand curve for a normal good outward relative to the origin, as in the figure.

The corresponding point on the supply curve measures marginal cost, the increase in total cost to the supplier for the corresponding unit of the good.

Although there is a downward population curve, explained by a larger death than birth rate, as well as a larger number of emigrants than immigrants, the line graph of the natural population increase shows the rate of population decrease was slowly diminishing.

The graph depicts a right-shift in demand from D < sub > 1 </ sub > to D < sub > 2 </ sub > along with the consequent increase in price and quantity required to reach a new market-clearing equilibrium point on the supply curve ( S ).

Since higher wages increase the quantity supplied, the supply of labor curve is upward sloping, and is shown as a line moving up and to the right.

Otherwise stated, producers will be willing to supply more wheat at every price and this shifts the supply curve < tt > S1 </ tt > outward, to < tt > S2 </ tt >— an increase in supply.

If the supply curve starts at < tt > S2 </ tt >, and shifts leftward to < tt > S1 </ tt >, the equilibrium price will increase and the equilibrium quantity will decrease as consumers move along the demand curve to the new higher price and associated lower quantity demanded.

An increase ( decrease ) in labour market frictions will shift the curve outwards ( inwards ).

Typhoid fever may show a specific fever pattern ( Wunderlich curve of typhoid fever ), with a slow stepwise increase and a high plateau.

A marginal tax on the sellers of a good will shift the supply curve to the left until the vertical distance between the two supply curves is equal to the per unit tax ; when other things remain equal, this will increase the price paid by the consumers ( which is equal to the new market price ), and decrease the price received by the sellers.

Marginal subsidies on production will shift the supply curve to the right until the vertical distance between the two supply curves is equal to the per unit subsidy ; when other things remain equal, this will decrease price paid by the consumers ( which is equal to the new market price ) and increase the price received by the producers.

Similarly, a marginal subsidy on consumption will shift the demand curve to the right ; when other things remain equal, this will decrease the price paid by consumers and increase the price received by producers by the same amount as if the subsidy had been granted to producers.

Recalling that for the LM curve, the interest rate is plotted against real GDP ( whereas the liquidity preference and money supply functions plot interest rates against the quantity of cash balances ), an increase in GDP shifts the liquidity preference function rightward and hence raises the interest rate.

A shift in the IS curve along a relatively flat LM curve can increase output substantially with little change in the interest rate.

An increase in suspended sediment allowed for the deposition of fine erosion-resistant material on the inside of a curve, which accentuated the curve and in some instances caused a river to shift from a braided to a meandering profile ( Schumm and Kahn 1972 ).

Under the editorship of Robert Bartley, it expounded at length on such economic concepts such as the Laffer curve and how a decrease in certain marginal tax rates and the capital gains tax can allegedly increase overall tax revenue by generating more economic activity.

" This is contrary to the supply-side explanation of the Laffer curve, in which the increases in tax revenue are held to be the result of an increase in labor supply.

In the late 1980s, and in line with Japanese, French and German thinking of the time, British Rail put forward a track realignment scheme to raise speeds on the WCML ; a proposed project called InterCity 250, which entailed realigning parts of the line in order to increase curve radii and smooth gradients in order to facilitate higher speed running.

This narrowed the possibility for erroneous input, although memorization of the stroke patterns did increase the learning curve for the user.