* CPAN Dependencies, which combines data from META. yml files and the CPAN testers to graphically show a module's dependencies and attempt to calculate how likely it is to work on a particular platform.

To draw this image the computer uses math to calculate how to project this image, defined by three dimensional data, onto a two dimensional computer screen.

To calculate Pauling electronegativity for an element, it is necessary to have data on the dissociation energies of at least two types of covalent bond formed by that element.

To calculate the population standard deviation, first compute the difference of each data point from the mean, and square the result of each:

Each cell of the array can contain either numeric or text data, or the results of formulas that automatically calculate and display a value based on the contents of other cells.

These data are used in ocean models to calculate the speed and direction of ocean currents and the amount and location of heat stored in the ocean, which in turn reveals global climate variations.

Igal Talmi developed a method to obtain the information from experimental data and use it to calculate and predict energies which have not been measured.

General aviation pilots use dew-point data to calculate the likelihood of carburetor icing and fog, and to estimate the height of the cloud base.

In modern times, 3D computer graphics can visually simulate this data, and calculate performance predictions.

If these sensors are interconnected they are able to calculate travel time and provide data for origin / destination matrices.

Ecologists collect data on trophic levels and food webs to statistically model and mathematically calculate parameters, such as those used in other kinds of network analysis ( e. g., graph theory ), to study emergent patterns and properties shared among ecosystems.

One signal encodes the satellite's " ephemeris " data, which is used to accurately calculate the satellite's location at any time.

Global Positioning System ( GPS ) navigation satellites transmit electronic ephemeris data consisting of health and exact location data that GPS receivers then use ( together with the signal's elapsed travel time to the receiver ) to calculate their own location on Earth using trilateration.

In statistics, point estimation involves the use of sample data to calculate a single value ( known as a statistic ) which is to serve as a " best guess " or " best estimate " of an unknown ( fixed or random ) population parameter.

In statistics, interval estimation is the use of sample data to calculate an interval of possible ( or probable ) values of an unknown population parameter, in contrast to point estimation, which is a single number.

Making use of Dmitriev ´ s analysis of Ricardo, Bortkiewicz proved that the data used by Marx was sufficient to calculate the general profit rate and relative prices.

Propeller-type current meters ( similar to the purely mechanical Ekman current meter, but now with electronic data acquisition ) can be traversed over the area of the penstock and velocities averaged to calculate total flow.

The quality of the inverter output waveform can be expressed by using the Fourier analysis data to calculate the total harmonic distortion ( THD ).

The Finapres methodology was developed to use this information to accurately calculate arterial pressure from the finger cuff pressure data.

Goolagong was ranked number one in the world for two weeks in 1976, though it was not reported at the time because incomplete data were used to calculate the rankings.

Digitally sampled data, in the time domain, is broken up into chunks, which usually overlap, and Fourier transformed to calculate the magnitude of the frequency spectrum for each chunk.

The feedback controls are simulated by having the computer make periodic measurements and then calculate from this stream of measurements ( see digital signal processing, sampled data systems ).

The AMA receives approximately $ 70 million annually from these fees, making them reluctant to allow the free distribution of tools and data that might help physicians calculate their fees accurately and fairly.

The GPS receiver natively reads in true north, but can elegantly calculate magnetic north based on its true position and data tables calculate the current location and direction of the north magnetic pole and ( potentially ) any local variations, if the GPS is set to use magnetic compass readings.

These extrapolated fluxes are about an order of magnitude less than the values from the satellite data and the figures in Whipple's table.

We have attempted to simplify the extensive task of analyzing onset ages and completion ages of each child -- more than 1700 values for the entire group -- by constructing figures for each of the 21 centers so that the data for all 34 boys and 34 of the girls will appear together for each growth center.

Forty other figures similar to 5 and 6 and the original data used in the construction of all figures and tables in this monograph have been included in the Appendix.

Until the release of official data in 1989, the 1963 edition of the North Korea Central Yearbook was the last official publication to disclose population figures.

The 5 data bits allow for only 32 different codes, which cannot accommodate the 26 letters, 10 figures, space, a few punctuation marks and the required control codes, such as carriage return, new line, bell, etc.

The accumulation of large amounts of PIXE data from other laboratories around the world in the ensuing decades was sufficient by 2008 to show that the Cahill figures for all elements in the inks of the map and its companion documents are at least a thousand times too small, so the discrepancy is due to their mistake.

As such, verifiable or even reliable figures are difficult, if not impossible to come by, and the data on the number of smuggled individuals is tenuous at best.

The states with similar data figures tend to be clustered together with a few exceptions such as Illinois and Nevada.

A later scientific study noted that the official emission figures were consistent with available dosimeter data, though others have noted the incompleteness of this data, particularly for releases early on.

According to the official figures, as compiled by the 1979 Kemeny Commission from Metropolitan Edison and NRC data, a maximum of 480 petabecquerels ( 13 million curies ) of radioactive noble gases ( primarily xenon ) were released by the event.

( These figures have been adjusted to classify Hispanics as a separate group from whites, blacks, Asians, and other races ; U. S. census data do not separate out Latinos in this manner.

2010 income data has not yet been made available for income figures, so these income figures are still based on the 2000 census: The median household income was $ 26, 667, and the median family income was $ 33, 872.

The Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas figures they spent $ 3 billion on merchandise in Texas border counties in 2004, the latest data available, up from around $ 1. 6 billion a decade earlier.

Technical editing may include the correction of grammatical mistakes, misspellings, mistyping, incorrect punctuation, inconsistencies in usages, poorly structured sentences, wrong scientific terms, wrong units and dimensions, inconsistency in significant figures, technical ambivalence, technical disambiguation, correction of statements conflicting with general scientific knowledge, correction of synopsis, content, index, headings and subheadings, correcting data and chart presentation in a research paper or report, and correcting errors in citations.

This should be done as early as possible in the process and if the analysis shows that your data is lacking, it is a good idea to put the project on the shelf temporarily while the IT department figures out how to do proper data collection.

Precise figures on the ethnic composition of Belgium are impossible to obtain, for the language question is so controversial that the Belgian census has not included data on linguistic composition of communes since 1947.

The following figures are estimates, census data, or official extrapolations of Gelsenkirchen's population at various times.

The following figures for precipitation and temperature values in Yaroslavl have been collated on the basis of data from the years 1961 – 1990.

There are no reliable figures about the number of Arvanites in Greece today ( no official data exist for ethnicity in Greece ).

For this reason Amnesty International reports, " Inadequate official data on the crimes committed in Chihuahua, particularly accurate figures on the exact number of murders and abductions of girls and women, has led to disputes around the issues that obscure the quest for justice.

The figures can be obtained from an insolation map or by city or region from insolation tables that were generated with historical data over the last 30 – 50 years.