Database research has been an active and diverse area, with many specializations, carried out since the early days of dealing with the database concept in the 1960s.

The above three-level database architecture also relates to and being motivated by the concept of data independence which has been described for long time as a desired database property and was one of the major initial driving forces of the Relational model.

The concept of a database transaction ( or atomic transaction ) has evolved in order to enable both a well understood database system behavior in a faulty environment where crashes can happen any time, and recovery from a crash to a well understood database state.

The concept of a database transaction ( or atomic transaction ) has evolved in order to enable both a well understood database system behavior in a faulty environment where crashes can happen any time, and recovery from a crash to a well understood database state.

Frame representations are object-centered in the same sense as semantic networks are: All the facts and properties connected with a concept are located in one place-there is no need for costly search processes in the database.

Object database management systems added the concept of persistence to object programming languages.

A table is an accepted visual representation of a relation ; a tuple is similar to the concept of row, but note that in the database language SQL the columns and the rows of a table are ordered.

Primarily as a support to other processes, both in infrastructure management and service management, technical support provides a number of specialist functions: research and evaluation, market intelligence ( particularly for design and planning and capacity management ), proof of concept and pilot engineering, specialist technical expertise ( particularly to operations and problem management ), creation of documentation ( perhaps for the operational documentation library or known error database ).

The concept of a database transaction ( or atomic transaction ) has evolved in order to enable both a well understood database system behavior in a faulty environment where crashes can happen any time, and recovery from a crash to a well understood database state.

This is the basic concept behind a database management system ( DBMS ), which is a client layer over the underlying data store.

While SN is best known in the context of web development, the concept predates the web: Michael Stonebraker at the University of California, Berkeley used the term in a 1986 database paper.

* Table instance ( or database instance ), a concept in database design ; see Row ( database )

As such they are an important concept for the design of database schema.

* Transactions per second, a concept in database management

Added concept of frames, parallel development, translation capabilities, enhanced integrated debugger, XML support, ADO database support and reference counting interfaces

As part of its very large website, the museum has the largest online database of objects in the collection of any museum in the world, with 2, 000, 000 individual object entries, 650, 000 of them illustrated, online at the start of 2012.

Berkeley DB's evolution has sometimes led to minor API changes or log format changes, but very rarely have database formats changed.

Berkeley DB has an architecture notably simpler than that of other database systems like relational database management systems.

Each edition has separate database libraries, despite the common branding.

Instead of complying with the FBI request, MonkeyBrains published a database website http :// badtrans. monkeybrains. net for the public to determine if a given address has been compromised.

In 1996, the scholarly journal Development devoted an issue to zebrafish research in celebration of this landmark .< ref > The fish has a dedicated online database of genetic, genomic, and developmental information, the Zebrafish Information Network ( ZFIN ).

It has evolved together with database management systems which enable the effective handling of databases.

For decades it has been unlikely that a complex information system can be built effectively without a proper database supported by a DBMS.

The dominant database language is the standard SQL for the Relational model, which has influenced database languages also for other data models.

In the period since the 1970s database technology has kept pace with the increasing resources becoming available from the computing platform: notably the rapid increase in the capacity and speed ( and reduction in price ) of disk storage, and the increasing capacity of main memory.

It has strong ties with database technology and DBMS products.

The interaction between research and database related product development has been very productive to the database area, and many related key concepts and technologies emerged from it.

The database research area has several notable dedicated academic journals ( e. g., ACM Transactions on Database Systems-TODS, Data and Knowledge Engineering-DKE, and more ) and annual conferences ( e. g., ACM SIGMOD, ACM PODS, VLDB, IEEE ICDE, and more ), as well as an active and quite heterogeneous ( subject-wise ) research community all over the world.

Document-oriented databases are one of the main categories of so-called NoSQL databases and the popularity of the term " document-oriented database " ( or " document store ") has grown with the use of the term NoSQL itself.

Sometimes it is desired to bring a database back to a previous state ( for many reasons, e. g., cases when the database is found corrupted due to a software error, or if it has been updated with erroneous data ).

It strongly impacts the convenience and cost of maintaining an application and its database, and has been the major motivation for the emergence and success of the Relational model, as well as the convergence to a common database architecture.

Despite not adhering to the relational model as described by Codd, it has become the most widely used database language.

Lately, some load balancers evolved to support databases ; these are called database load balancers.

MRP ( and MRPII ) evolved from the earliest commercial database management package developed by Gene Thomas at IBM in the 1960s.

This system evolved into the online database, RLIN ( Research Libraries Information Network ).

Thus since a database can be normally changed only by transactions, all the database's states are consistent.

However, recoverability cannot be compromised, since such typically results in a quick database integrity violation.

Thus since a database can be normally changed only by transactions, all the database's states are consistent.

However, recoverability cannot be compromised, since such typically results in a quick database integrity violation.

Looking up some customer's name and address in a database are typically idempotent ( in fact nullipotent ), since this will not cause the database to change.

Many times the values in these fields cannot be guaranteed since no database can enforce the integrity of these values.

Major meta-analyses of the RNG database have been published every few years since appearing in the journal Foundations of Physics in 1986.

The ordering system for ABRC was incorporated into The Arabidopsis Information Resource ( TAIR ) database in June 2001 whilst NASC has always ( since 1991 ) hosted its own ordering system and genome browser.

An example is the Andersen-Forbes database of the Hebrew Bible, developed since the 1970s, in which every clause is parsed using graphs representing up to seven levels of syntax, and every segment tagged with seven fields of information.

Today, since all modern databases support these features ( see Comparison of relational database management systems ), it has become the defacto responsibility of the database to ensure data integrity.

* Milkyweb Astronomical Observatory Guide world's largest database of astronomical observatories since 2001-about 2000 entries

The ampersand character is used as a special character in at least some versions of the database software originally created in Denmark under the name Navision ( the software has since been acquired by Microsoft ).

Generally this is bad for performance since it increases the load on the database: the database is best used to store information less transient than per-session data.

* A bi-lingual database on all known direct action news in Greece since September 2007

According to the ME-DEP Lake Water Quality Monitoring Report for Schoodic Lake provided by the PEARL spatial database, water quality monitoring data for Schoodic Lake has been collected since 1977.

It has been extended since its original description to include multiple as well as pairwise alignments, and has been used in the construction of the CATH ( Class, Architecture, Topology, Homology ) hierarchical database classification of protein folds.

The NCBI has had responsibility for making available the GenBank DNA sequence database since 1992.

The SPEWS database has not been updated since August 24, 2006 ; dnsbl. com lists its status as dead.

* 198758 new projects are announced • Total since start-ups reach 167 • EUREKA database is initiated