Galileo, however, felt that the descriptive content of the technical disciplines warranted philosophical interest, particularly because mathematical analysis of astronomical observations — notably the radical analysis offered by astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus concerning the relative motions of the Sun, Earth, Moon, and planets — indicated that philosophers ' statements about the nature of the universe could be shown to be in error.

Adjusting statements based upon objective reality and adjusting reality based upon statements are contrary uses of language, so descriptive statement are a different kind of sentences than norms.

There are two types of military history, although almost all texts have elements of both: descriptive history that serves to chronicle conflicts without offering any statements about the causes, nature of conduct, the ending and effects of a conflict ; and analytical history that seeks to offer statements about the causes, nature, ending and aftermath of conflicts as a means of deriving knowledge and understanding of conflicts as a whole, and prevent repetition of mistakes in future, to suggest better concepts or methods in employing forces, or to advocate the need for new technology.

Therefore, self-esteem is defined as both descriptive and evaluative self-related statements.

For example, terms such as " Asian ", " incorrect ", " drunk ", or " full-cheeked " are often interpreted as derogatory, when in fact they may be neutral descriptive terms or factual statements, which, at worst, would be simply inaccurate or incorrect rather than insulting.

However, Hume found that there seems to be a significant difference between descriptive statements ( about what is ) and prescriptive or normative statements ( about what ought to be ), and it is not obvious how we can get from making descriptive statements to prescriptive.

These two notions being granted, it can be said that statements of " ought " are measured by their prescriptive truth, just as statements of " is " are measured by their descriptive truth ; and the descriptive truth of an " is " judgment is defined by its correspondence to reality ( actual or in the mind ), while the prescriptive truth of an " ought " judgment is defined according to a more limited scope — its correspondence to right desire ( conceivable in the mind and able to be found in the rational appetite, but not in the more " actual " reality of things independent of the mind or rational appetite )

It is only with David Hume in the 18th century that philosophers began to take cognizance of the logical difference between normative and descriptive statements and thinking.

Positive statements are also often referred to as descriptive statements.

Hmmmmm is an acronym for holistic ( non-compositional ), manipulative ( utterances are commands or suggestions, not descriptive statements ), multi-modal ( acoustic as well as gestural and mimetic ), musical, and memetic.

However, any use of evolutionary descriptions to set moral standards would be a naturalistic fallacy ( or more specifically the is-ought problem ), as prescriptive moral statements cannot be derived from purely descriptive premises.

The open letter says that the level of the expert reports has dropped to such an extent that it is often a matter of not only the absence of entire sections of a report, even such as the substantiation of its findings, and not only the gross contradiction of its findings to the descriptive section of the report, but it is often a matter of concrete statements which are so contrary to generally accepted scientific terms that doubts about the disinterestedness of the experts arise.

Like many conceptual art works of the 1970s, his works were recorded in descriptive notes and statements destined to have flexible and repeated incarnations.

" R. M. Hare also criticised ethical naturalism because of its fallacious definition of the terms ' good ' or ' right ' explaining how value-terms being part of our prescriptive moral language are not reducible to descriptive terms: " Value-terms have a special function in language, that of commending ; and so they plainly cannot be defined in terms of other words which themselves do not perform this function "

Felix Hausdorff ( November 8, 1868 – January 26, 1942 ) was a German mathematician who is considered to be one of the founders of modern topology and who contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, function theory, and functional analysis.

Sometimes the astra is descriptive of the function, or of the force of nature which it invokes.

Belanger ( 1977 ) distinguishes an enumerative bibliography from other bibliographic forms such as descriptive bibliography, analytical bibliography or textual bibliography in that its function is to record and list, rather than describe a source in detail or with any reference to the source's physical nature, materiality or textual transmission.

) It's unknown, however, whether such descriptive dynamics impart any important computational function.

In doing so it implies deterministic causes which have an influence on its descriptive function.

* 1983 Stephen Cole Kleene for three important papers which formed the basis for later developments in generalized recursion theory and descriptive set theory: Arithmetical predicates and function quantifiers, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 79 ( 1955 ), pp. 312-340 ; On the forms of the predicates in the theory of constructive ordinals ( second paper ), American Journal of Mathematics 77 ( 1955 ), pp. 405-428 ; and Hierarchies of number-theoretic predicates, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 61 ( 1955 ), pp. 193-213.

The name bâtons de commandement was the name first applied to the class of artifacts, but it makes an assumption of function ; the name bâton percé, meaning " pierced rod ", or " perforated baton " ( the term used by the British Museum ) is a more recent term, and is descriptive of form rather than any presumed function.

Because expressivism claims that the function of moral language is not descriptive, it allows the irrealist to avoid an error theory: the view that ordinary moral thought and discourse is committed to deep and pervasive error, and that all moral statements make false ontological claims.

Thus a descriptive category must be defended from three perspectives: from above (‘ what does it construe ?’ ‘ what effect does it have in a context of use ?’), below (‘ how is this function realized ?’) and round about (‘ what else is in the neighbourhood ?’ ‘ what other things does this thing have to interact with ?’).

For the enemy characters, most of the details are dispensed with, usually leaving only the picture, code name, function, descriptive paragraph and the quote.

Several kinds of descriptive categorizations can be applied broadly to the elements, including consideration of their general physical and chemical properties, their states of matter under familiar conditions, their melting and boiling points, their densities, their crystal structures as solids, and their origins.

Nearly all the descriptive words used to justify the genus division were relative terms without a reference measure, and the argument did not take into account the size differences between the species, which can be considerable.

Mainstream Arab society can be conceived of as divided into three classes, Bedouin ( nomads ), farmers fellahin ( villagers ) and hadar ( townspeople ), though these are often little more than descriptive.

A descriptive definition can be shown to be " right " or " wrong " by comparison to general usage, but a stipulative definition can only be disproved by showing a logical contradiction.

Education theory can refer to either a normative or a descriptive theory of education.

" A descriptive theory of education can be thought of as a conceptual scheme that ties together various " otherwise discrete particulars.

Microfossil is a descriptive term applied to fossilized plants and animals whose size is just at or below the level at which the fossil can be analyzed by the naked eye.

The descriptive theory of proper names is the view that the meaning of a given use of a proper name is a set of properties that can be expressed as a description that picks out an object that satisfies the description.

Whitehead sought a holistic, comprehensive cosmology that provides a systematic descriptive theory of the world which can be used for the diverse human intuitions gained through ethical, aesthetic, religious, and scientific experiences, and not just the scientific.

Statistical methods can be used for summarizing or describing a collection of data ; this is called descriptive statistics.

In simple terms, descriptive statistics can be thought of as being just a straightforward presentation of facts, in which modeling decisions made by a data analyst have had minimal influence.

The task of summarising statistical data in conventional forms ( also known as descriptive statistics ) is considered in theoretical statistics as a problem of defining what aspects of statistical samples need to be described and how well they can be described from a typically limited sample of data.

The reverse situation, where religion attempts to be descriptive, can also lead to inappropriately assigning properties to the natural world.

The descriptive power of the observer ’ s chosen ( or implicit ) computational model class, for example, can be an overwhelming determinant in finding regularity in data.

Most Lithuanian nouns can take the illative ending, indicating that from the descriptive point of view the illative still can be treated as a case in Lithuanian, although since the beginning of the 20th century it isn't included in the lists of standard Lithuanian cases in most grammars and textbooks and the prepositional construction į + accusative is more frequently used today to denote direction.

* The additional type information can insufficiently replace more descriptive names.

* When names are sufficiently descriptive, the additional type information can be redundant.

Hamburger can be a descriptive noun in German, referring to someone from Hamburg ( compare London → Londoner ) or an adjective describing something from Hamburg.

16 mm prints can also be made from many combinations of size and format, each with its own distinct and descriptive name as follows:

Digitised collections can include books, artworks, photography, journals, newspapers, music, sound recordings, film, maps, diaries and letters, and archived websites as well as the descriptive metadata associated with each type of cultural work.

Prescription seeks to define standard language forms and give advice on effective language use, and can be thought of as a presentation of the fruits of descriptive research in a learnable form, though it also draws on more subjective aspects of language aesthetics.

Many different descriptive statistics can be chosen as a measure of the central tendency of the data items.