The study of the radio emission of the moon and planets began with the detection of the thermal radiation of the moon at 1.25-cm wave length by Dicke and Beringer ( 1946 ).

The DEFENDER and AGILE Programs formed the foundation of DARPA sensor, surveillance, and directed energy R & D, particularly in the study of radar, infrared sensing, and x-ray / gamma ray detection.

The northern blot is a technique used in molecular biology research to study gene expression by detection of RNA ( or isolated mRNA ) in a sample.

Following a study, they concluded that a death ray was impractical but that detection of aircraft appeared feasible.

A major long-term motivation for the global seismographic monitoring has been for the detection and study of nuclear testing.

It is the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the poisoning of people.

In the 1930s, the Air Ministry commissioned a scientific study of propagating electromagnetic energy which concluded that a death ray was impractical but detection of aircraft appeared feasible.

The study indicates that an object's contrast against the background, rather than colour, may be more important for object detection.

X-ray astronomy is an observational branch of astronomy which deals with the study of X-ray observation and detection from astronomical objects.

The solar X-ray and cosmic gamma-ray burst experiment ( GRB ) had 3 main objectives: study and monitor solar flares, detect and localize cosmic gamma-ray bursts, and in-situ detection of Jovian aurorae.

A US government study advised against buying " bogus explosive detection equipment ".

Many of these techniques require vacuum as they rely on the detection of electrons or ions emitted from the surface under study.

Bull then moved on to hyper-sonics research and the study of infrared and radar cross sections for detection.

It is not clear, however, if detection thresholds obtained in the present study would really represent the limit of auditory resolution or it would be limited by resolution of equipment.

Campbell immediately prepared a study for Clagett recommending 24-hour operations and modern aircraft detection equipment, specifically two mobile SCR-270B units and nine SCR-271s, allotting eight units to Luzon and three to Mindanao, and expanding the force to a 915-man battalion.

* 1997: The start of a fire detection system and the start of a study for automatic incident detection, centralized safety equipment management, and new variable message signs.

A comprehensive study in 2008 called the detection " tentative " and described the proposed planet as " long suspected but still unconfirmed.

There is presently no reliable way to determine which patients with Barrett esophagus will go on to develop esophageal cancer, although a recent study found that the detection of three different genetic abnormalities were associated with as much as a 79 % chance of developing cancer in 6 years.

According to a cohort study, single-slice spiral CT may help diagnose detection among people with suspected pulmonary embolism.

In this study which had a prevalence of detection was 32 %, the positive predictive value of 67. 0 % and negative predictive value of 85. 2 % ( click here to adjust these results for people at higher or lower risk of detection ).

* A recent study found that lying takes longer than telling the truth, and thus the time to answer a question may be used as a method of lie detection.

Peripheral vision is hard to study in an objective manner, because there is no way to separate the visual detection of the eye from the neural processing of the brain.

In addition to radar and lightning detection, observations and extended radar pictures ( such as NEXRAD ) are now available through satellite data connections, allowing pilots to see weather conditions far beyond the range of their own in-flight systems.

Responses such as disgust show that sensory detection is linked in instinctual ways to facial expressions, and even behaviors like the gag reflex.

New physical detection technologies are employed, such as oligonucleotide microarrays to identify chromosomal gains and losses ( called comparative genomic hybridization ), and single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays to detect known point mutations.

Early detection and rapid response to bioterrorism depend on close cooperation between public health authorities and law enforcement ; however, such cooperation is currently lacking.

In the Second World War, zoologists such as Hugh Cott designed camouflage schemes to protect large targets such as airfields and gun batteries from detection from the air, using techniques from nature such as countershading.

Even if this process is more complex than analog processing and has a discrete value range, the application of computational power to digital signal processing allows for many advantages over analog processing in many applications, such as error detection and correction in transmission as well as data compression.

Dyson speculated that such structures would be the logical consequence of the long-term survival and escalating energy needs of a technological civilization, and proposed that searching for evidence of the existence of such structures might lead to the detection of advanced intelligent extraterrestrial life.

In addition, if the particles of which it is composed are supersymmetric, they can undergo annihilation interactions with themselves resulting in observable by-products such as photons and neutrinos (" indirect detection ").

That is why expert systems using variable facts, which are more understandable to developers creating such systems and hence more common, are less easy to develop, less clear to users, less reliable, and why they don't produce explanations of their reasoning, or contradiction detection.

* Cell and molecular biology: detection of colocalization using fluorescence-labelled antibodies for selective detection of the antigens of interest using specialized software, such as CoLocalizer Pro.

When processing signals, such as audio, radio waves, light waves, seismic waves, and even images, Fourier analysis can isolate individual components of a compound waveform, concentrating them for easier detection and / or removal.

Helium-3 can be used in instruments for the detection of free neutrons, such as neutrons leaking from nuclear reactors.

The basic idea of microfluidic biochips is to integrate assay operations such as detection,

Various methods, such as selective media or PCR, can then be used for detection.

For this reason, the Mine Safety and Health Administration requires that groups of miners in the United States carry gas detection equipment that can detect common gases, such as CO, O < sub > 2 </ sub >, H < sub > 2 </ sub > S, CH < sub > 4 </ sub >, as well as calculate % Lower Explosive Limit.

Additionally, further regulation is being requested for more gas detection as newer technology such as nanotechnology is introduced.

Reliable multicast protocols such as Pragmatic General Multicast ( PGM ) have been developed to add loss detection and retransmission on top of IP multicast.

Piezoelectricity is found in useful applications such as the production and detection of sound, generation of high voltages, electronic frequency generation, microbalances, and ultrafine focusing of optical assemblies.

These force-carrying particles are virtual particles and, by definition, cannot be detected while carrying the force, because such detection will imply that the force is not being carried.

This is particularly true for electrically conductive materials such as metal and carbon fiber, making radar well-suited to the detection of aircraft and ships.