this mass threshold was derived from the detector calibration and an assumed impact velocity of Af.

If a detector was placed at a distance of 1 m, the ion flight times would be X and Y ns.

The crystal detector was developed into a practical device for wireless telegraphy by Greenleaf Whittier Pickard, who invented a silicon crystal detector in 1903 and received a patent for it on November 20, 1906.

This troublesome device was superseded by thermionic diodes by the 1920s, but after high purity semiconductor materials became available, the crystal detector returned to dominant use with the advent of inexpensive fixed-germanium diodes in the 1950s.

In the SEM image of an ant shown at right, the image was constructed from signals produced by a secondary electron detector, the normal or conventional imaging mode in most SEMs.

After the development of his electron capture detector, in the late 1960s, Lovelock was the first to detect the widespread presence of CFCs in the atmosphere.

His invention, known as the Polish mine detector, was used by the Allies alongside mechanical methods, to clear the German mine fields during the Second Battle of El Alamein when 500 units were shipped to Field Marshal Montgomery's Eighth Army.

According to the 9 / 11 Commission Report, Moqed set off the metal detector at the airport and was screened with a hand-wand.

This was made possible by the development of a secondary-electron detector

The detector was turned on in May 1999, and was turned off on 28 November 2006.

The detector cavity outside the vessel was filled with normal water to provide both buoyancy for the vessel and radioactive shielding.

The SNO detector would have been capable of detecting a supernova within our galaxy if one had occurred while the detector was online.

The detector, named KamiokaNDE for Kamioka Nucleon Decay Experiment, was a tank in height and in width, containing 3, 048 metric tons ( 3, 000 tons ) of pure water and about 1, 000 photomultiplier tubes ( PMTs ) attached to its inner surface.

The detector was upgraded, starting in 1985, to allow it to observe solar neutrinos.

As a result, the detector ( KamiokaNDE-II ) had become sensitive enough to detect neutrinos from SN 1987A, a supernova which was observed in the Large Magellanic Cloud in February 1987, and to observe solar neutrinos in 1988.

The detector was partially restored by redistributing the photomultiplier tubes which did not implode, and by adding protective acrylic shells that are hoped will prevent another chain reaction from recurring ( Super-Kamiokande-II ).

The work was completed in June 2006, whereupon the detector was renamed Super-Kamiokande-III.

However, on March 26, 1983, the first test, known as the Cabra event, was performed in an underground shaft and resulted in marginally positive readings that could be dismissed as being caused by a faulty detector.

Since a nuclear explosion was used as the power source, the detector was destroyed during the experiment and the results therefore could not be confirmed.

The " pancake " Geiger-Muller detector is a variant of the end window probe designed to obtain a larger detection area, and is normally used as a contamination detector.

David Sobel and Alison Gopnik from the Psychology Department of UC Berkeley designed a device known as the blicket detector, which suggests that " when causal property and perceptual features are equally evident, children are equally as likely to use causal powers as they are to use perceptual properties when naming objects ".

* "... The experiment was specifically designed to address a fundamental research question, not to make a device that would be capable of producing energy, Block says ... To verify the presence of fusion, the researchers used three independent neutron detectors and one gamma ray detector.

This target and the detector itself were designed especially with a view to spin polarised physics.

Pioneer 0 ( also known as Thor-Able 1 ) was a failed United States space probe that was designed to go into orbit around the Moon, carrying a television camera, a micrometeorite detector and a magnetometer, as part of the first International Geophysical Year ( IGY ) science payload.

* Audion receiver, a type of radio receiver that was originally designed to use the Audion signal detector

Aboard Explorer 1 were a micrometeorite detector and a cosmic ray experiment designed by Van Allen and his graduate students.

Due to the varying levels of detection capabilities between detector types, manufacturers have designed multi-criteria devices which cross-reference the separate signals to both rule out false alarms and improve response times to real fires.

A product detector which accepts an IF signal would be used as a demodulator block in a superheterodyne receiver, and a detector designed for RF can be combined with an RF amplifier and a low-pass filter into a direct-conversion receiver.

A Type I detector is designed to be driven by analog signals or square-wave digital signals and produces an output pulse at the difference frequency.

RTR is a two part process: first, systematic sweeps are made with a large detector to find metal cased AT mines ; this is followed by heavy detonation trailers designed to detonate any minimum metal mine still capable of operating.

Many of the reciprocal lattice rods meet the diffraction condition, however the RHEED system is designed such that only the low orders of diffraction are incident on the detector.

A pyro did not fire, that was designed to allow the opening of the ALICE detector.

BLAST was a hand-held laser energy detector designed to detect and interpret a data message in a low-power Earth-based laser.

The Gamma Ray Observatory ( GRO ), renamed Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory ( CGRO ), was designed to take advantage of the major advances in detector technology during the 1980s.

The launch of the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, an Explorer-class satellite designed to conduct the first infrared survey of the sky led to anticipation of an instrument using new infrared detector technology.

Gargamelle was a giant bubble chamber detector at CERN, designed mainly for the detection of neutrino interactions.

Together with Richard F. M. Thornley he designed the Everhart-Thornley detector.

Most applications are based on the use of < sup > 13 </ sup > C as the labeling and the measurement of < sup > 13 </ sup > C -< sup > 12 </ sup > C ratios with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer ( IRMS ); an MS with a detector designed to measure a few select ions and return values as ratios.

Gamma camera PET is markedly inferior to PET imaging with a purpose designed PET scanner, as the scintillator crystal has poor sensitivity for the high-energy annihilation photons, and the detector area is significantly smaller.

A number of hand emplaced units were developed for this role, including the MICROSID and MINISID, and a device designed to work with either called MAGID, a magnetic detector, designed to be triggered by amounts of metal as small as an infantry rifle.

Fluorescence in several wavelengths can be detected by an array detector, to detect compounds from HPLC flow.

The detector consisted of a transducer, made of thin quartz crystals carefully glued between two steel plates, and a hydrophone to detect the returned echo.

A few mechanical devices are also are used by collectors to detect watermarks on stamps such as the Morley-Bright watermark detector and the more expensive Safe Signoscope.

For example, a detector with an NEP of can detect a signal power of one picowatt with a signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) of one after one half second of averaging.

A magnetic anomaly detector ( MAD ) is an instrument used to detect minute variations in the Earth's magnetic field.

We can also arrange to have a minimally invasive detector at one of the slits to detect which slit the particle went through.

* Acoustic detector ( crystal transducer and solid-state amplifier ) to detect micrometeorite ( cosmic dust ) impacts.

* Wire grid detector, also to detect micrometeorite impacts.

Magnetometers can detect only magnetic ( ferrous ) metals, but can detect such metals at a much larger depth than a metal detector ; magnetometers are capable of detecting large objects, such as cars, at tens of meters, while a metal detector's range is rarely more than 2 meters.

In some instances the stoplight traffic detector will not change the light for small vehicles such as motorcycles, scooters and particularly bicycles, because the induction loop sensor fails to detect the small vehicle.

After building a larger, more sensitive detector named Super-Kamiokande, which became operational in 1996, Koshiba found strong evidence for what scientists had already suspected — that neutrinos, of which three types are known, change from one type into another in flight ; this resolves the solar neutrino problem, since early experiments could only detect one type, not all three.

Drinking water pollution detector Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) are being used in water purification plants to detect acute water pollution

The main parts of an X-ray Baggage Inspection System are the generator used to generate x-rays, the detector to detect radiation after passing through the baggage, signal processor unit ( usually a PC ) to process the incoming signal from the detector, and a conveyor system for moving baggage into the system.

An RF probe, sometimes called an RF detector is a simple test device to detect radio frequency oscillation in an electronic circuit.

His receiver ( left ) used a galena crystal detector inside a horn antenna and galvanometer to detect microwaves.

The earthbound Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory ( LIGO ) and especially the space-based gravitational wave detector Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ( LISA ) will search for gravitational waves and are likely to be sensitive enough to detect signals from cosmic strings, provided the relevant cosmic string tensions are not too small.

* Magnetic anomaly detector ( MAD ) to detect the iron in a submarine's hull.

The Canny edge detector is an edge detection operator that uses a multi-stage algorithm to detect a wide range of edges in images.

In experimental and applied particle physics, nuclear physics, and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and / or identify high-energy particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator.