Note that the mass threshold is four times that of 1958 Alpha and that the flux is one fifth as large.

They quote about the same mass threshold as that of the U.S. apparatus, but a momentum threshold about 40 times greater.

The threshold mass is derived from the momentum threshold with the assumption of a mean impact velocity of Af in the U.S. work and Af in the U.S.S.R. work.

The threshold mass of about Af corresponds to a 10-M-diameter sphere of density Af.

According to objective collapse theories, superpositions are destroyed spontaneously ( irrespective of external observation ) when some objective physical threshold ( of time, mass, temperature, irreversibility, etc.

Two-dimensional computer models suggest that the stability of Theia's proposed trojan orbit would have been affected when its growing mass exceeded a threshold of approximately 10 % of the Earth's mass.

Critics also worry that the existence of lower-yield nuclear weapons for relatively limited tactical purposes will lower the threshold for their actual use, thus blurring the sharp line between conventional weapons intended for use and weapons of mass destruction intended only for hypothetical deterrence and increasing the risk of escalation to higher-yield nuclear weapons.

The threshold for this is when the core of the star has a mass around 15 times the sun depending on the exact chemical composition and rotation rate.

Thus, if 105 g can ( only just ) be distinguished from 100 g, the jnd ( or differential threshold ) is 5 g. If the mass is doubled, the differential threshold also doubles to 10 g, so that 210 g can be distinguished from 200 g. In this example, a weight ( any weight ) seems to have to increase by 5 % for someone to be able to reliably detect the increase, and this minimum required fractional increase ( of 5 / 100 of the original weight ) is referred to as the " Weber fraction " for detecting changes in weight.

Quasars are a good candidate source because they are highly efficient at converting mass to energy, and emit a great deal of light above the threshold for ionizing hydrogen.

The threshold for Penrose OR is given by the indeterminacy principle E = ħ / t, where E is the gravitational self-energy or the degree of spacetime separation given by the superpositioned mass, ħ is the reduced Planck constant, and t is the time until OR occurs.

According to reviewer Jeremy Grimshaw, " there emerges at the upper frequency threshold a crystalline conglomeration of extremely high pitches, which glimmer as an indistinguishable mass even as glissandi continually enter the top range and fade " According to his friend Philip Corner For Ann ( rising ), " must be optimistic!

Technogaians believe humanity has currently reached just such a threshold, and that the only way for human civilization to continue advancing is to accept the tenets of technogaianism and limit future exploitive exhaustion of natural resources and minimize further unsustainable development or face the widespread, ongoing mass extinction of species.

* Critical mass ( sociodynamics ), a threshold value of the number of people needed to trigger a phenomenon by exchange of ideas

The lad's once superb body was a mass of scars and welts.

Although Mr. Brown was not himself its inventor ( it was a French idea ), it is typical that his intuition first conceived the importance of mass producing this basic tool for general use.

The dependence of the arc voltage upon the mass flow velocity of the transpirating gas was investigated for various arc lengths and currents between 100 Amp and 200 Aj.

Argon was also blown at low velocities ( mass flow rate Af ) through a tube coaxial with the cathode as an additional precaution against contamination of the arc by air.

For each mass flow rate the arc voltage was measured.

The impact rate on 1958 Alpha for 153 events was Af for particles of mass greater than Af ( Dubin, 1960 ) ; ;

The mass scale used in Table 5-1 was derived on the assumption that the motion of the glowing trail is related to the momentum transfer to the trail by the meteorite, permitting the calculation of the mass if the velocity is known ( Cook and Whipple, 1958 ).

Likewise, Kant formulated the nebular hypothesis, according to which the solar system was evolved from a rotating mass of incandescent gas, nearly a half century before its scientific value was made plain by Laplace in his Systeme Du Monde.

Never mind whether the Kikiyus and the Bantus enjoyed Wilsonian self-determination: the point is that in the struggle for the world that vast land mass was under the domination and influence of the West.

To hold 'em in a compact mass was `` close herdin' ''.

For a man of his mass he was curiously short.

their program of mass medical care was doubtless the best on the continent ; ;

Pakistan was created in 1947 expressly as a Muslim state, but when the army took over eleven years later it did so on a wave of mass impatience which was directed in part against the inability of political and religious leaders to think their way through to the meaning of Islam for the modern political situation.

And though it was logical that a man who could plot mass murder would not hesitate to speak an untruth, still it was difficult to understand why Spencer spoke only for Cromwell.

This was some freak, two strands of adhesive tape across his nose, like ugly roots from the mass of gauze, suddenly moist over his cheekbones.

In 1911, Ernest Rutherford gave a model of the atom in which a central core held most of the atom's mass and a positive charge which, in units of the electron's charge, was to be approximately equal to half of the atom's atomic weight, expressed in numbers of hydrogen atoms.

Rutherford interpreted the gold foil experiment as suggesting that the positive charge of a heavy gold atom and most of its mass was concentrated in a nucleus at the center of the atom — the Rutherford model.

The installation was accompanied by a mass protest from local Roman Catholics and a religious service against the growth of skepticism and secularism.

With the definitions used before 2012, the astronomical unit was dependent on the heliocentric gravitational constant, that is the product of the gravitational constant G and the solar mass M < sub >☉</ sub >.

From an estimated mass of 25 g for a zero-magnitude meteorite, the other masses are derived with the assumption of a mass decrease by a factor of 2.512 for each unit increase in magnitude.

The equation for the conservation of mass for an acoustic medium can also be derived in a manner similar to that used for the conservation of momentum.

In 1930, Stoner derived the internal energy-density equation of state for a Fermi gas, and was then able to treat the mass-radius relationship in a fully relativistic manner, giving a limiting mass of approximately ( for μ < sub > e </ sub >= 2. 5 ) 2. 19 · 10 < sup > 30 </ sup > kg.

James Clerk Maxwell played a major role in establishing modern use of dimensional analysis by distinguishing mass, length, and time as fundamental units, while referring to other units as derived.

This " post-glacial rebound " brings mass closer to the rotation axis of the Earth, which makes the Earth spin faster ( law of conservation of angular momentum ): the rate derived from models is about − 0. 6 ms / day / cy.

It can be derived from Fick's First law and the mass conservation in absence of any chemical reactions:

The effect can also be derived by using either the exact Schwarzschild metric ( describing spacetime around a spherical mass ) or the much more general post-Newtonian formalism.

From this hypothesis was derived the whole number rule, which was the rule of thumb that atomic masses were whole number multiples of the mass of hydrogen.

And in 1815, the chemist William Prout concluded that the hydrogen atom was in fact the fundamental mass unit from which all other atomic masses were derived.

Popular culture, which was not derived from high culture but instead from its own realities ( particularly mass production ) fueled much modernist innovation.

This is often closer to what is meant when " molecular mass " and " molar mass " are used synonymously and may have derived from shortening of this term.

It should be noted, however, that the molar mass is almost always a computed figure derived from the standard atomic weights, whereas the average molecular mass, in fields that need the term, is often a measured figure specific to a sample.

The use of average atomic masses derived from the standard atomic weights found on a standard periodic table will result in an average molecular mass, whereas the use of isotopic masses will result in a molecular mass consistent with the strict interpretation of the definition, i. e. that of a single molecule.

In these cases the computed values of molar mass and average molecular mass, which are ultimately derived from the standard atomic weights, will not be the same as the actual molar mass or average molecular mass of the sample.