It is alphabetic, with a letter or diacritic for every phonemic ( distinctive ) hand shape, orientation, motion, and position, though it lacks any representation of facial expression, and is better suited for individual words than for extended passages of text.

The diacritic for aspiration in the International Phonetic Alphabet ( IPA ) is a superscript " h ", ⟨⟩.

Unaspirated consonants are not normally marked explicitly, but there is a diacritic for non-aspiration in the Extensions to the IPA, the superscript equal sign, ⟨⟩.

:* Vietnamese uses the horn diacritic for the letters ơ and ư ; the circumflex for the letters â, ê, and ô ; the breve for the letter ă ; and a bar through the letter đ.

Most of the ISO / IEC 8859 encodings provide diacritic marks required for various European languages using the Latin script.

For example, the modern Yi script is used to write a language that has no diphthongs or syllable codas ; unusually among syllabaries, there is a separate glyph for every consonant-vowel-tone combination ( CVT ) in the language ( apart from one tone which is indicated with a diacritic ).

Although the IPA has no dedicated diacritic for slack voice, the voiceless diacritic ( the under-ring ) may be used with a voiced consonant letter, though this convention is also used for partially voiced consonants in languages such as English.

Schleyer proposed alternate forms for the Umlaut ( diacritic ) | umlaut vowels, but they were rarely used.

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the diacritic for dental consonant is

( The Extended IPA diacritic was devised for speech pathology and is frequently used to mean ' alveolarized ', as in the labioalveolar sounds, where the lower lip contacts the alveolar ridge.

This is particularly confusing with letters which can take either diacritic: for example, the consonant is written as " ş " in Turkish but in Romanian, and Romanian writers will sometimes use the former instead of the latter because of insufficient font or character-set support.

The signs formed with diacritic marks are letters in their own right in the Hungarian alphabet ( for instance, they are separate letters for the purpose of collation ).

Although the anusvara is a consonant in Bengali phonology, it is nevertheless treated in the written system as a diacritic in that it is always directly adjacent to the preceding consonant, even when spacing consonants apart in titles or banners ( e. g. < big > ব াং- ল া- দ ে- শ </ big > bang-la-de-sh, not < big > ব া-ং- ল া- দ ে- শ </ big > ba-ng-la-de-sh for < big > ব াং ল া দ ে শ </ big > Bangladesh ), it is never pronounced with the inherent vowel " ô ", and it cannot take a vowel sign ( instead, the consonant < big > ঙ </ big > ungô is used pre-vocalically ).

However, it is rarely a sufficient alternative for manual kerning, as some characters may appear to an algorithmic comparison to be spaced very closely together, but to a human reader might appear to be spaced too far apart ; especially when the only part of a glyph that is ' too close ' is a diacritic sign.

* Another term for bar ( diacritic )

On the typographical side, Š / š and Ž / ž are likely the easiest among non-Western European diacritic characters to adopt for Westerners because the two are part of the Windows-1252 character encoding.

The word ' aspiration ' and the aspiration diacritic are sometimes used with voiced stops, such as ⟨⟩.

The diacritic may be doubled to indicate especially long aspiration, as in Navajo: ⟨⟩ etc.

However, there is an explicit diacritic for a lack of aspiration in the Extensions to the IPA, the superscript equal sign: ⟨⟩, and this is sometimes seen in phonetic descriptions of languages.

In the Pollard script, an abugida, vowels are indicated by diacritics, but the placement of the diacritic relative to the consonant is modified to indicate the tone.

For most of these scripts, regardless of whether letters or diacritics are used, the most common tone is not marked, just as the most common vowel is not marked in Indic abugidas ; in Zhuyin not only is one of the tones unmarked, but there is a diacritic to indicate lack of tone, like the virama of Indic.

Because of vowel harmony, all vowels in a word are affected, so the scope of the diacritic is the entire word.

Bosnian and Croatian also have one digraph including a diacritic, dž, which is also alphabetised independently, and follows d and precedes đ in the alphabetical order.

Exceptions are unassimilated foreign loanwords, including borrowings from French and, increasingly, Spanish ; however, the diacritic is also sometimes omitted from such words.

The initial of tao / dao 道 is a tenuis voiceless alveolar plosive, which is commonly transcribed with the IPA symbol, although some sinologists specify or with the voiceless under-ring diacritic.

* A final consonant is marked with the diacritic, called the virāma in Sanskrit, halant in Hindi, and occasionally a " killer stroke " in English.

For example, while the vowel ū is written with the diacritic in क ू kū, it has its own letter ऊ in ऊक ūka and ( in Hindi but not Sanskrit ) कऊ kaū.

In English ( where the diacritic over the " n " is frequently omitted ) the usual pronunciation is or.

In general, a diacritic is a glyph, even if ( like a cedilla in Spanish, the ogonek in several languages or the stroke on a Polish L ) it is " joined up " with the rest of the character.

Failing that, a devoicing diacritic is added to the approximant.

In Arabic there is no such choice, and the almost invariable rule is that a long vowel is written with a mater lectionis and a short vowel with a diacritic symbol, although the Othmani orthography, the one in which the Qur ' an is traditionally written and printed, has some differences which are not always consistent.

An older IPA subscript diacritic, called an ogonek, is still seen, especially when the vowel bears tone marks that would interfere with the superscript tilde.

But in practice because of lack of printing facilities, books are continued to be printed in Tamil Script with diacritic marks with superscript number for the consonants ka, ca, Ta, ta and pa and adding a colon to na, ma, ra, and la for aspirated forms, which are peculiar to the Sourashtra language.

The fourth tone ( rising ) may sometimes occur as a grammatical inflection of the mid tone, so it is written with the mid-tone glyph plus a diacritic mark ( a superscript arc ).

The diacritic for dentolabial consonants in the Extended IPA is a superscript bridge, ⟨ ⟩, by analogy with the subscript bridge used for labiodentals.

:* Manx uses the single diacritic ç combined with h to give the digraph < çh > ( pronounced / tʃ /) to mark the distinction between it and the digraph < ch > ( pronounced / h / or / x /).

When Greek orthography was codified by grammarians in the Hellenistic era, they used a diacritic symbol derived from this half-H shape to signal the presence of / h /, and added as its counterpart a reverse-shaped diacritic to denote absence of / h /.

Handakuten ( 半濁点 ), colloquially maru (" circle "), is a diacritic used with the kana for syllables starting with h to indicate that they should instead be pronounced with.

A macron, from the Greek ( makrón ), meaning " long ", is a diacritic placed above a vowel ( and, more rarely, under or above a consonant ).

The ogonek ( Polish, " little tail ", the diminutive of ogon ; Lithuanian nosinė ) is a diacritic hook placed under the lower right corner of a vowel in the Latin alphabet used in several European and Native American languages.

The Polish letters " ą " and " ę " and Lithuanian letters " ą ", " ę ", " į ", and " ų " are not made with the cedilla either, but with the unrelated ogonek diacritic.

The underscore is used as a diacritic mark, " combining low line ", in some African languages ( some languages using the Orthography of Gabon languages or Rapidolangue in Gabon, Izere in Nigeria ) and Native American languages ( Shoshoni ).

The latter name has a diacritic, in the strict transliteration, on the " I ", which emphasises the long " I " sound in that name's pronunciation.

Esperanto II replaced j with y, kv with q, kz with x, and diacritic letters with j ( ĵ and ĝ ), w ( ŭ ), and digraphs sh ( ŝ ), ch ( ĉ ); replaced the passive in-iĝ-with-ev -, the indefinite ending-aŭ with adverbial-e, the accusative-on on nouns with-u, and the plural on nouns with-n ( so membrun for membrojn " members "); dropped adjectival agreement ; broke up the table of concords, changed other small grammatical words such as ey for kaj " and ", and treated pronouns more like nouns, so that the plural of li " he " is lin rather than ili " they ", and the accusative of ĝi " it " is ju.

In Spanish orthography, when the stress of a word falls on the penultimate syllable and the word ends with an " N ", " S " or a vowel, the word need not carry a diacritic on the vowel of the stressed syllable ( in this case é ).