From his playmates in Savannah, Mercer had picked up, along with a soft Southern dialect, traces also of the Gullah dialects of Africa.

Many books of type-in programs were also available, and in particular, Ahl published versions of the original 101 BASIC games converted into the Microsoft dialect and published it from Creative Computing as " BASIC Computer Games ".

* Old Bulgarian ( 9th to 11th century, also referred to as Old Church Slavonic ) – a literary norm of the early southern dialect of the Common Slavic language from which Bulgarian evolved.

The approximant is also widespread, and virtually all languages have one or more nasals, though a very few, such as the Central dialect of Rotokas, lack even these.

The programme also made use of Northern English language and dialect ; affectionate local terms like " eh, chuck?

The dialects spoken at Calvi and Bonifacio are closer to the Genoa dialect, also known as Ligurian.

In the southeast, in eastern South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and southern Mozambique, they were adopted from a Tuu language or languages by the languages of the Nguni cluster ( especially Zulu, Xhosa, and Phuthi, but also to a lesser extent Swazi and Ndebele ), and spread from them in a reduced fashion to the Zulu-based pidgin Fanagalo, Sesotho, Tsonga, Ronga, the Mzimba dialect of Tumbuka, and more recently to Ndau and urban varieties of Pedi, where the spread of clicks is an ongoing process.

Colloquially, about 36, 000 local residents speak the Ta ' izzi-Adeni Arabic dialect, also known as Djibouti Arabic.

The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class.

A standard dialect ( also known as a standardized dialect or " standard language ") is a dialect that is supported by institutions.

Note also that the terms are not always treated as mutually exclusive ; there is not necessarily anything contradictory in the statement that " the language of the Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of German ".

The Bornholmian dialect has also maintained to this day many ancient features, such as a distinction between three grammatical genders, which the central Insular Danish dialects gave up during the 20th century.

The Ilois also evolved a French-based Creole dialect now called Chagossian Creole.

The northern group consists of the keskmurre or middle dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre ( islands ') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.

In 17th and 18th century, king Louis XIV of France captured more French-speaking areas in southern Flanders around Lille, referred to as Lilloise Flanders or la Flandre Lilloise, but also Maritime Flanders, where originally Dutch was spoken, and to this day, a Flemish dialect persists in some rural areas near Dunkirk.

It is also known as the Alexandrian dialect, Post-Classical Greek or even New Testament Greek, as it was the original language of the New Testament.

Greece also objects to the use of the terms " Macedonian " to denote ethnic Macedonians and the Macedonian language, as these terms have a different meaning in Greece ( inhabitants of the Greek region of Macedonia and the Macedonian dialect of Greek ).

Hiberno-English ( also known as Irish English ) is the dialect of English written and spoken in Ireland ( Hibernia ).

Italian is the second most spoken language in Argentina after the official language of Spanish, with 1. 5 million speaking it natively and Italian has also heavily influenced the dialect of Spanish spoken in Argentina and Uruguay, Rioplatense Spanish.

This is the situation long faced by many users of English who possess a " non-standard " dialect of English as their birth tongue but have also learned to write ( and perhaps also speak ) a more standard dialect.

The language belongs to the Eskimo-Aleut language family and includes three dialect groupings: Eastern Aleut, spoken on the Eastern Aleutian, Shumagin, Fox and Pribilof islands ; Atkan, spoken on Atka and Bering islands ; and the now extinct Attuan dialect.

High German in this broader sense can be subdivided into Upper German ( Oberdeutsch, this includes the Austrian and Swiss German dialects ), Central German ( Mitteldeutsch, this includes Luxembourgish, which is now a standardized language ), and High Franconian which is a transitional dialect between the two.

This includes a voicing of to before or between vowels and ( in the Shetland dialect, but only partially in the Orkney dialect ) a conversion of and (" thing " and " that " respectively ) to and respectively.

Unlike most karuta where a reader need to be present for the game to be played, Hokkaido Hougen Karuta includes a CD-ROM with the reading of the cards being read by a native of the Hokkaido dialect.

* A Traveller's Dictionary in Tetun-English and English-Tetun includes some information on grammar, based on the Tetun-Terik dialect

The Hopi language is Uto-Aztecan ; Zuñi is a language isolate ; Keresan is a dialect continuum that includes Acoma, Laguna, Santa Ana, Zia, Cochiti, Santo Domingo, San Felipe.

The Western dialect includes Montreal and surroundings and is sometimes considered an offspring of the Central dialect.

The folklore of Orkney includes tales of the selkie folk (" selkie " being the Orcadian dialect word for " seal "), a race of shape-shifting seals that can take human form.

It is agreed due to the dialect of the Middle High German phrases in the text that the manuscript must be from the region of central Europe that speaks the Bavarian dialect of German, which includes parts of southern Germany, western Austria, and northern Italy, and, because of the Italian peculiarities of the text, it must be from the region's south.

The Indic languages of Northern India ( that includes Assam Valley as for the language Assamese ) and Pakistan form a dialect continuum.

Attic Greek is the prestige dialect of Ancient Greek that was spoken in Attica, which includes Athens.

Genetically, Bavarian is part of the Upper German family along with Alemannic ( which includes Swabian and Swiss German ), whereas Standard German is part of the Middle German family, closer to Upper Saxon German, which – linguistically – is a Thuringian dialect.

The most striking feature of this dialect is its lexicon that includes many notable items of uncertain origin.

The Byklestigen pass was the line of divisions between dialects ; in Valle to the south the classic Setesdal tongue was spoken while in Bykle the dialect includes a significant mixture from Telemark.

The unified Seminole spoke two languages: Creek and Mikasuki ( a modern dialect similar to Hitchiti ), two different members of the Muscogean Native American languages family, a language group that includes Choctaw and Chickasaw.

* Mandarin Chinese, the branch of Chinese dialects which includes the dialect of Beijing

The Westphalian dialect region includes the north-eastern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, i. e. the former Prussian province of Westphalia, without Siegerland and Wittgenstein, but including the southern part of former government district Weser-Ems ( e. g. the region around Osnabrück and the landscape of Emsland ).

Nevertheless, the Westphalian dialect of German includes some words that originate from the dying Westphalian language, which are otherwise unintelligible for other German speakers from outside Westphalia.

The church employs the Syriac dialect of the Aramaic language in its liturgy, the East Syrian Rite, which includes three anaphoras, attributed to Saints Addai and Mari, Theodore of Mopsuestia and Nestorius.

A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is not the beneficiary of institutional support.

An example of a nonstandard English dialect is Southern American English or Newfoundland English.

Other marked characteristics of Newfoundland English include the loss of dental fricatives ( voiced and voiceless th sounds ) in many varieties of the dialect ( as in many other nonstandard varieties of English ); they are usually replaced with the closest voiced or voiceless alveolar stop ( t or d ).

For example, Trudgill suggests the following sentence as an example of a nonstandard dialect used with the technical register of physical geography:

A nonstandard dialect is a dialect that does not have the institutional support or sanction that a standardized dialect has.

Like any dialect, a nonstandard dialect has its own vocabulary and an internally consistent grammar and syntax ; and it may be spoken using a variety of accents.

Describing a dialect as " nonstandard " is not to imply that the dialect is incorrect or inferior.

As a border-case, a nonstandard dialect may even have its own written form, although it's then to be assumed that the orthography is unstable and / or unsanctioned, and that it is not orderly supported by governmental or educational institutions.

When used in quotes and as a contrastive feature in literature, the term eye dialect may be used for nonstandard phonemic spelling.

# REDIRECT nonstandard dialect

Eye dialect is the use of nonstandard spelling for speech to draw attention to pronunciation.

However, most authors are likely to use eye dialect with restraint, sprinkling nonstandard misspelling here and there to serve as a cue to the reader about all of a character's speech, rather than as an accurate phonetic representation.

Eye dialect is often employed when authors wish to establish a sympathetic sense of superiority between themselves and the reader as contrasted with the nonstandard speech of the character.

Charles Dickens may have used eye dialect more than any other author in English, combining it with pronunciation spelling and nonstandard grammar in the speech of his uneducated characters.