The discovery of such a powerful antibiotic was unprecedented, and the development of penicillin led to renewed interest in the search for antibiotic compounds with similar efficacy and safety.

For their discovery and development of penicillin as a therapeutic drug, Ernst Chain, Howard Florey, and Alexander Fleming shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine.

Bohr, Mottelson and Rainwater were jointly awarded the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics " for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection ".

The discovery of chlorpromazine's psychoactive effects in 1952 led to greatly reduced use of restraint, seclusion, and sedation in the management of agitated patients, and also led to further research that resulted in the development of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and the majority of other drugs now used in the management of psychiatric conditions.

With modern biotechnology, these genes can be used as targets for the development of effective new therapies, which could significantly shorten the drug discovery process.

However, although these early writers contributed greatly to the philosophical discovery of mind and this would ultimately lead to the development of psychology, they were working with an entirely different set of tools and core concepts than those of the cognitive scientist.

A major development was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding chromium to form stainless steel.

Early twentieth-century experiments on the physics of very small-scale phenomena led to the discovery of phenomena which could not be predicted on the basis of classical physics, and to the development of new models ( theories ) that described and predicted very accurately these micro-scale phenomena.

Cosmic background radiation is well explained as radiation left over from an early stage in the development of the universe, and its discovery is considered a landmark test of the Big Bang model of the universe.

The discovery of gold at Pine Creek in the 1880s further boosted the young colony's development.

The discovery of the ELIZA effect was an important development in artificial intelligence, demonstrating the principle of using social engineering rather than explicit programming to pass a Turing test.

The discovery and development of the technology made radio receivers, then the primary communications devices of the time, more sensitive and selective.

However, most chemists followed Kekulé's lead in pursuing and developing what some have called " classical " structure theory, which was modified after the discovery of electrons ( 1897 ) and the development of quantum mechanics ( in the 1920s ).

Genetically modified ( genetically engineered ) animals are becoming more vital to the discovery and development of cures and treatments for many serious diseases.

With the development of modern microscopes in the 20th century, the discovery was confirmed.

Oil production in the Los Angeles Basin started with the discovery of the Brea-Olinda Oil Field in 1880, and continued with the development of the Los Angeles City Oil Field in 1893, the Beverly Hills Oil Field in 1900, the Salt Lake Oil Field in 1902, and many others.

This increased again with the discovery of the Wilmington Oil Field in 1932, and the development of the Port of Los Angeles as a means of shipping crude oil overseas.

This only began to change in the 1970s, partly due to the discovery and development of North Sea oil and gas and partly as Scotland moved towards a more service-based economy.

This only began to change in the 1970s, partly due to the discovery and development of North Sea oil and gas and partly as Scotland moved towards a more service-based economy.

Koch was also famous for the discovery of the tubercle bacillus ( 1882 ) and the cholera bacillus ( 1883 ) and for his development of Koch's postulates.

Yet even in this essay Grimm showed that Minnesang and Meistergesang were really one form of poetry, of which they merely represented different stages of development, and also announced his important discovery of the invariable division of the Lied into three strophic parts.

The collection's development corresponds to archaeological work such as Paul-Émile Botta's 1843 expedition to Khorsabad and the discovery of Sargon II's palace.

The fuller understanding of the mechanisms involved in actual organisms required the discovery of DNA and the development of molecular biology and biochemistry.

The discovery of the noble gases aided in the development of a general understanding of atomic structure.

The discovery and development of this first sulfonamide drug opened a new era in medicine.

One strategy to address bacterial drug resistance is the discovery and application of compounds that modify resistance to common antibacterials.

Analytical chemistry plays an increasingly important role in the pharmaceutical industry where, aside from QA, it is used in discovery of new drug candidates and in clinical applications where understanding the interactions between the drug and the patient are critical.

Major research efforts in the field include sequence alignment, gene finding, genome assembly, drug design, drug discovery, protein structure alignment, protein structure prediction, prediction of gene expression and protein – protein interactions, genome-wide association studies and the modeling of evolution.

# Improvements in the drug discovery and approval process.

Ancestral knowledge of ethnobotany and ethnozoology is useful in drug discovery ( for example, bintangor plant for AIDS ) or as future alternative food sources ( such as sago starch for lactic acid production and sago maggots as a protein source ).

If it were simple to ascertain the properties required to develop a lead discovered in vitro to one that is active in vivo, drug discovery would be as reliable as drug manufacturing.

* Myelin Repair Foundation, a non-profit medical research foundation accelerating drug discovery in myelin repair for multiple sclerosis.

Irreversible MAOIs were the first antidepressants to be discovered, but they fell out of favour with the advent of the discovery of safer antidepressants ; these newer antidepressant drug classes have fewer adverse effects, especially the dangerous irreversible MAOI food interaction with tyramine, sometimes referred to as the ' cheese syndrome ', which leads to dangerous hypertension.

Application of genomic technologies to new drug discovery and further characterization of older drugs.

* February 15 – The discovery and clinical development of Prontosil, the first broadly effective antibacterial drug, is published in a series of articles in Germany's pre-eminent medical journal, Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, by Gerhard Domagk.

Even though combinatorial chemistry has been an essential part of early drug discovery for more than two decades, so far only one de novo combinatorial chemistry-synthesized chemical has been approved for clinical use by FDA ( sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor indicated for advanced renal cancer ).

Even though natural product drug discovery has not probably been the most fashionable trend in pharmaceutical industry in recent times, a large proportion of new chemical entities still are nature-derived compounds, and thus, it has been suggested that effectiveness of combinatorial chemistry could be improved by enhancing the chemical diversity of screening libraries.

The first experimental antivirals were developed in the 1960s, mostly to deal with herpes viruses, and were found using traditional trial-and-error drug discovery methods.

This technology has been applied to computationally intensive scientific, mathematical, and academic problems through volunteer computing, and it is used in commercial enterprises for such diverse applications as drug discovery, economic forecasting, seismic analysis, and back office data processing in support for e-commerce and Web services.

* RAPTOR ( software ) provides 3D protein structure prediction for drug discovery researchers

It is increasingly applied as a critical component in scientific research, digital libraries, data mining, financial data analysis, market studies, manufacturing production control, and drug discovery ".

In Dune, Lady Jessica notes that the ritual originated with the " discovery of the poison drug on Rossak "; the Sisterhood used some form or descendant of this drug until the discovery of the so-called Water of Life on Arrakis.