In the life sciences, there has been an enormous increase in our understanding of disease, in the mechanisms of heredity, and in bio- and physiological chemistry.

The epithet " Smintheus " has historically been confused with σμίνθος, " mouse ", in association with Apollo's role as a god of disease.

This disease has been occasionally associated with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, septicemia associated with immune complex deposition, methanol poisoning, and other underlying conditions.

A discussion of every disease caused by modification of the various apoptotic pathways would be impractical, but the concept overlying each one is the same: the normal functioning of the pathway has been disrupted in such a way as to impair the ability of the cell to undergo normal apoptosis.

This foundation includes the Clinton Foundation HIV and AIDS Initiative ( CHAI ), which strives to combat that disease, and has worked with the Australian government toward that end.

A significant contribution to the northward spread of Bluetongue disease has been the ability of Culicoides obsoletus and C. pulicaris to acquire and transmit the disease, both of which are spread widely throughout Europe.

However, the disease found in northern Europe ( including the UK ) in 2006 and 2007 has been caused by serotype 8.

Since the late 1980s, evidence has become available that instillation of BCG into the bladder is an effective form of immunotherapy in this disease.

Ebola virus disease has fatality rates ranging from 50-90 %.

Infection in a human occurs when a person is bitten by a flea that has been infected by biting a rodent that itself has been infected by the bite of a flea carrying the disease.

The higher-level association of β sheets has been implicated in formation of the protein aggregates and fibrils observed in many human diseases, notably the amyloidoses such as Alzheimer's disease.

For more than a decade, Yale University neuropathologist Laura Manuelidis has been challenging this explanation for the disease.

The disease has also been shown to result from use of Human Growth Hormone obtained from the pituitary glands of persons who died from Creutzfeldt – Jakob Disease, though the known incidence of this cause is ( as of April 2004 ) quite small.

Cannibalism has also been implicated as a transmission mechanism for abnormal prions, causing the disease known as kuru, once found primarily among women and children of the Fore people in Papua New Guinea.

In the U. S., the FDA has banned import of any donor sperm, motivated by a risk of Creutzfeldt – Jakob disease, inhibiting the once popular import of, for example, Scandinavian sperm.

It derives from a need to treat people whose brain function has been impaired as a result of disease, brain damage, toxins, or drugs.

For example, the foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid has faces consisting of three proteins named VP1 – 3.

Chagas disease is contracted primarily in the Americas, particularly in poor, rural areas of Mexico, Central America, and South America ; very rarely, the disease has been found in the Southern United States.

Gross anatomy of a heart that has been damaged by chronic Chagas disease-see also:: Image: Heart radiology Chagas disease. JPG | Chagas heart, radiology

Blood transfusion was formerly the second-most common mode of transmission for Chagas disease, but the development and implementation of blood bank screening tests has dramatically reduced this risk in the last decade.

The result was that the rate of venereal disease in the American Army was the lowest in our military history.

The use of disease as a weapon in this stage of history exhibited a lack of control aggressors had over their own biological weapons.

Primarily carried by rodents ( most notably rats ) and spread to humans via fleas, the disease is notorious throughout history, due to the unrivaled scale of death and devastation it brought.

Obtaining a medical history is always the first " test ", part of understanding the likelihood of significant disease, as detectable within the current limitations of clinical medicine.

Following a long history of heart disease, he died a few days after his 75th birthday on 27 January 2006.

Lewis has had prostate cancer, Type 1 diabetes, pulmonary fibrosis, and a decades long history of heart disease.

They include one book about how industry manipulates science ( Trust Us, We're Experts ), one about the history and current scope of the public relations industry ( Toxic Sludge is Good for You ), and one about mad cow disease ( Mad Cow USA ), which predicted the surfacing of the disease within the United States.

# The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation and a knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study that the anticipated results will justify the performance of the experiment.

NSAIDs aside from ( low-dose ) aspirin are associated with a doubled risk of symptomatic heart failure in patients without a history of cardiac disease.

The QFracture score was developed in 2009 and is based on age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol use, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, asthma, use of tricyclic antidepressants or corticosteroids, liver disease, and a history of falls in men.

This route of administration is thus preferred in women with a history of thrombo-embolic disease.

* Richard von Krafft-Ebing for history of classifying sexual object choice as a disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease is more likely to occur when there is a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, recent sexual contact, recent onset of menses, or an IUD in place or if the partner has a sexually transmitted infection.

In the absence of a family history of ADPKD, the presence of bilateral renal enlargement and cysts, with or without the presence of hepatic cysts, and the absence of other manifestations suggestive of a different renal cystic disease provide presumptive, but not definite, evidence for the diagnosis.

Polio epidemics have crippled thousands of people, mostly young children ; the disease has caused paralysis and death for much of human history.

This caused confusion in the early history of scurvy, since the disease was only seen in people eating long-preserved diets or canned goods, but not in people eating any sort of fresh diet, including arctic diets primarily based upon meat.

Similar to other traditional medicine, diagnosis is usually made through checking the pulse, symptoms, and disease history, and then the pharmacist pounds up different dried herbs, making personalized medicines according to the prescription.

Greece Included in total are 11, 000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds The Soviet demographer Boris Urlanis estimated total military dead of 26, 000 including 15, 000 deaths due to disease Jean Bujac in a campaign history of the Greek Army in World War I listed 8, 365 combat related deaths and 3, 255 missing Other estimates of Greek casualties are as follows: By UK War Office in 1922: Killed / died wounds 5, 000 ; prisoners and missing 1, 000.

After over two decades of fighting smallpox, the WHO declared in 1980 that the disease had been eradicated – the first disease in history to be eliminated by human effort.

Before a vaccine was developed in World War II, typhus was a devastating disease for humans and has been responsible for a number of epidemics throughout history.

His disease was one which had affected him from an early age, caused by the continual use of carving-tools, producing a depression of the ribs.

Since German was the lingua franca of science ( and especially of psychiatry ) at that time, Kraepelin's use of Alzheimer's disease in a textbook made the name famous.

:; Optical coherence tomography ( OCT ): Testing through the use of optical scattering for coronary artery disease.

* Cytopathology: the study of cellular disease and the use of cellular changes for the diagnosis of disease.

Educating at-risk populations about the proper use of the sari filter method may decrease V. cholera-associated disease.

When the cause of a disease is poorly understood, societies tend to mythologize the disease or use it as a metaphor or symbol of whatever that culture considers to be evil.

DDT was subsequently banned for agricultural use worldwide under the Stockholm Convention, but its limited use in disease vector control continues to this day and remains controversial.

He has further stated: " I use the civil definition of murder, where someone can be guilty of murder if they are responsible in a reckless and wanton way for the loss of life, as in incarcerating people in camps where they may soon die of malnutrition, unattended disease, and forced labor, or deporting them into wastelands where they may die rapidly from exposure and disease.

Malaria, the most widespread disease, was successfully fought through advances in health care, the use of DDT, and through the draining of swamplands.

In the year 1569, Girolamo Mercuriale from Forlì ( Italy ) wrote Le Arte Gymnastica, that brought together his study of the attitudes of the ancients toward diet, exercise and hygiene, and the use of natural methods for the cure of disease.

Gene therapy is the use of DNA as a pharmaceutical agent to treat disease.

Such cells, tissues and organs would neither trigger an immune response nor require the use of Immunosuppressive drugs Both basic research and therapeutic development for serious diseases such as cancer, heart disease and diabetes, as well as improvements in burn treatment and reconstructive and cosmetic surgery, are areas that might benefit from such new technology.

However, this specialized connotation of the word " contagious " and " contagious disease " ( easy transmissibility ) is not always respected in popular use.

In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV / AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication.

Lemon balm is mentioned in the scientific journal Endocrinology, where it is explained that Melissa officinalis exhibits antithyrotropic activity, inhibiting TSH from attaching to TSH receptors, hence making it of possible use in the treatment of Graves ' disease or hyperthyroidism.

In 1567, Swiss physician Paracelsus suggested unidentified substance in mined ore ( identified as radon gas in modern times ) caused a wasting disease in miners, and in England, in 1761, John Hill made the first direct link of cancer to chemical substances by noting that excessive use of snuff may cause nasal cancer.

The 1954 version of Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, reflects the poorly grounded perceptions of the people whose use of the term effectively defined it for the people of that time: " a man supposed to have supernatural powers of curing disease and controlling spirits.

Metabolism rate is determined by gender, age, diet, genetic makeup, disease state ( if any ), and use of other medications.