There has been debate as to whether or not the Red Hand Defenders have become an entity in their own right made up of dissident factions from both the UDA and the LVF ( both of which have now declared ceasefires whilst the RHD has not ), though much intelligence has been based on the claims of responsibility which, as has been suggested, are frequently misleading.

Orde was to later criticise the UDA following the shooting of a police officer in Castlmara by dissident elements associated with Kirkham's South East Antrim-based Beyond Conflict Group.

McDonald had stated that he was reluctant to see the UDA decommission because of the threat posed by dissident republican groups.

Despite this, by September 1960, following the four-way division of the country, there were four separate armed forces: Mobotu's ANC itself, numbering about 12, 000, the South Kasai Constabulary loyal to Albert Kalonji ( 3, 000 or less ), the Katanga Gendarmerie which were part of Moise Tshombe's regime ( totalling about 10, 000 ), and the Stanleyville dissident ANC loyal to Antoine Gizenga ( numbering about 8, 000 ).

By utilising regional officers that remained loyal to Jakarta, Nasution organised a series of " regional coups " which ousted the dissident commanders in North Sumatera ( Colonel Maludin Simbolon ) and South Sumatera ( Colonel Barlian ) by December 1957.

The new organization included some dissident members of the SLP and representatives of several other small radical groups, such as the South Wales Socialist Society and the South Wales Communist Council ( SWCC ), individuals affiliated with the radical shop steward's movement, and adherents of a pro-Comintern faction of the Independent Labour Party.

Zackie Achmat, whom The New Yorker calls " the most important dissident in the country since Nelson Mandela ", joined with a group of ten other activists to found the group after anti-apartheid gay rights activist Simon Nkoli died from AIDS even as highly active antiretroviral therapy was available to wealthy South Africans.

Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe ( 5 December 1924-27 February 1978 ) was a South African political dissident, who founded the Pan Africanist Congress in opposition to the apartheid regime.

He joined with other white " independent " aldermen from the " Lakefront " and black dissident aldermen from the South Side and West Side in opposing the corruption and racism of the Machine.

* Robert Sobukwe was a South African political dissident, who founded the Pan Africanist Congress in opposition to the apartheid.

SA First is a now-defunct South Australian political party formed in 1999 by dissident Labor Member of Parliament Terry Cameron.

* Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe ( 5 December 1924 ; 27 February 1978 ) was a South African political dissident, who founded the Pan Africanist Congress in opposition to the Apartheid regime.

In a series of police raids aimed at dissident loyalists in Autumn 1999, eight arrests were made, weapons, pipe bombs and ammunition were recovered and a search of Stoneyford Orange Hall in County Antrim uncovered military files containing the personal details of over 300 republicans from South Armagh and Belfast.

Other legacies of its early dissident history include a strong emphasis on human rights in South Korea, a position it continues to hold today together with several international organizations have criticized South Korea for its retreat in democracy, human rights and press freedom.

* Operation Plathond, a joint South African Defence Force and South African Bureau of State Security operation is launched to train dissident Zambians in the Caprivi Strip, South West Africa

The South Korean dissident leader Kim Dae-jung, later president of South Korea, was kidnapped on August 8, 1973, in Tokyo, Japan.

The South Vietnamese crews and personnel on the island posed as members of a dissident northern communist group known as the Sacred Sword of the Patriot League ( SSPL ), which opposed the takeover of the Hanoi regime by politicians who supported the People's Republic of China ( PRC ).

Notable holdings include Russian revolutionary movements and revolutions, Russian and East European dissident writings, modern Armenian and Central Asian history and literature ; the South Asia Division, which includes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Tibet, and Afghanistan ; and the Southeast Asia Division, which is especially strong in materials related to the Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia, but also has substantial holdings in English and Aboriginal language materials from Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania.

Marcuse defended the arrested East German dissident Rudolf Bahro ( author of Die Alternative: Zur Kritik des real existierenden Sozialismus The Alternative in Eastern Europe ), discussing in a 1979 essay Bahro's theories of " change from within ".

In October 1979, Brandt met with the East German dissident, Rudolf Bahro, who had written The Alternative.

As the East German dissident singer-songwriter Wolf Biermann Wolf Biermann observed in his epilogue for the 1999 English-language edition: " Directly after the war it was impossible to publish a book in Poland which presented a German officer as a brave and helpful man ," and an Austrian hero would be " not quite so bad.

Robert Havemann ( 11 March 1910 – 9 April 1982 ) was a chemist, and an East German dissident.

Rudolf Bahro ( November 18, 1935 – December 5, 1997 ) was a dissident from East Germany who, since his death, has been recognised as a philosopher, political figure and author.

In the early 1950s Wegener was arrested for the illegal distribution of dissident pamphlets within East Germany and was imprisoned for one year.

* Jürgen Fuchs ( writer ) ( 1950-1999 ), East German writer and dissident

Meanwhile, messages of support were flooding in from all over the world: France ( President François Mitterrand ) ; the Soviet ( President Mikhail Gorbachev ); Hungary ( the Hungarian Socialist Party ); the new East German government ( at that time the two German states were not yet formally reunited ); Bulgaria ( Petar Mladenov, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Bulgaria ); Czechoslovakia ( Ladislav Adamec, leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and Václav Havel, the dissident writer, revolution leader and future president of the Republic ); China ( the Minister of Foreign Affairs ); the United States ( President George H. W. Bush ) ; West Germany ( Foreign Minister Hans Dietrich Genscher ); NATO ( Secretary General Manfred Wörner ); the United Kingdom ( Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher ); Spain ; Austria ; the Netherlands ; Italy ; Portugal ; Japan ( the Japanese Communist Party ); and the Moldavian SSR.

Her grandmother is actress Eva-Maria Hagen, and her step-grandfather is the East German dissident writer Wolf Biermann.

Then East German dissident Rudolf Bahro later said that his Alternative in Eastern Europe was based on ideas of Wittfogel, but because of the latter's later anti-communism, Wittfogel could not be mentioned by name.

Alireza Jafarzadeh is a media commentator on the Middle East and an active dissident figure to the Iranian government.

In 1978, Lane found for the Labour Party and against its dissident members ( Paul McCormick and Julian Lewis ) who tried to win control of Newham North East Constituency Labour Party from the party's National Executive.

* Autumn 1999: In a series of police raids aimed at dissident loyalists, eight arrests were made while weapons and ammunition were found during a search of Stoneyford Orange Hall in County Antrim.

In other words, atrocities by savages wearing the uniform of the central government might be condoned, had the victims been serving the cause of dissident Katanga.

Russian dissident Alexander Litvinenko's 2006 murder by radiation poisoning is thought to have been carried out with polonium-210, an alpha emitter.

Meanwhile, Zhelyu Zhelev, a communist-era dissident from the new democratic party-Union of Democratic Forces, was elected President by the Assembly in 1990, and in 1992 won Bulgaria's first presidential elections and served as president until 1997.

The government imprisoned 75 dissident thinkers, including 29 journalists, librarians, human rights activists and democracy activists, on the basis that they were acting as agents of the United States by accepting aid from the US government.

* 1989 – Protests break out in Timişoara in response to an attempt by the government to evict dissident Hungarian pastor László Tőkés.

Sadly Alfaro too was confronted a dissident tendency inside its own party, directed by its General Leonidas Plaza and constituted by the upper middle class of Guayaquil.

The product of years of research and published shortly after his death, it shows how far Blake was inspired by dissident religious ideas rooted in the thinking of the most radical opponents of the monarchy during the English civil war.

In 1944, General Jorge Ubico ’ s thirteen-year dictatorship ( 1931 – 44 ) of Guatemala was overthrown by the October Revolutionaries, a group of Guatemalan nationalists — politically dissident military officers, university students, and liberal professionals — who were politically empowered, by the almost-simultaneous revolutions that deposed superannuated dictatorships in Venezuela, Cuba, and El Salvador.

Within two days of the encyclical's release, a group of dissident theologians, led by Rev.

Two months later, Gaddafi asserted that he wanted his agents to assassinate dissident refugees, even if they were just on pilgrimage in the holy city of Mecca — in August 1984, a Libyan plot in Mecca was thwarted by Saudi Arabian police.

Border disputes are now coming more prominent and Thailand as disturbed by the imprisonment of Burma ’ s dissident Aung San Suu Kyi.

Opposition to Stalin by Trotsky led to a dissident Bolshevik ideology called Trotskyism that was repressed under Stalin's rule.

The term was popularized by the Soviet dissident Michael Voslenski, who in 1970 wrote a book titled Nomenklatura: The Soviet Ruling Class ().

This added to the antiregime resentment already felt by, among others, oil workers, low-ranking Al Thani, dissident shaykhs, and some leading individuals.

Some are still being used by dissident Republican groups, such as the Real Irish Republican Army and the Continuity Irish Republican Army.

As an objection to Ponnambalam's cooperation with D. S. Senanayake, a dissident group led by S. J. V.

* 1978 – While walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is assassinated by Bulgarian secret police agent Francesco Giullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from a specially-designed umbrella.

Opponents of this view include revisionist historians and a number of post – Cold War and otherwise dissident Soviet historians including Roy Medvedev, who argues that although " one could list the various measures carried out by Stalin that were actually a continuation of anti-democratic trends and measures implemented under Lenin ... in so many ways, Stalin acted, not in line with Lenin's clear instructions, but in defiance of them ".

After 1800 there emerged a dissident faction that questioned the direction and handling of the colony by the Tories, including both colonial and imperial officials.

* In Africa, the dissident Berber prince Firmus is delivered to the Romans by his brother Gildon.

The project is endorsed by a diverse and international group of supporters, including former Dutch prime-minister Jan-Peter Balkenende from the Christian Democratic Appeal ; Rita Süssmuth from the Christian Democratic Union ; the Hungarian dissident and philosopher György Bence ; British political scholar David Miller ; and others.