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Page "Dosimetry" ¶ 5
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distinction and between
The basic premise of all mystery stories is that the distinction between good and bad coincides with the distinction between legal and illegal.
It is true that this distinction between style and idea often approaches the arbitrary since in the end we must admit that style and content frequently influence or interpenetrate one another and sometimes appear as expressions of the same insight.
That fact is very clearly illustrated in the case of the many present-day intellectuals who were Communists or near-Communists in their youth and are now so extremely conservative ( or reactionary, as many would say ) that they can define no important political conviction that does not seem so far from even a centrist position as to make the distinction between Mr. Nixon and Mr. Khrushchev for them hardly worth noting.
For some time the Communists honored the distinction between the Soviet zone of Germany and the Soviet sector of Berlin by promulgating separately the laws for the two areas.
The distinction between domiciled ( de jure ) and present ( de facto ) population was not clearly defined.
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.
However, there are relatively few such political constituencies, and, as has been pointed out, there is seldom a clear-cut distinction between the educational interests of one social class and those of another.
By all means the most important distinction is that between those total-cost apportionments which superimpose a distribution of admittedly unallocable cost residues on estimates of incremental or marginal costs, and those other apportionments which recognize no difference between true cost allocation and mere total-cost distribution.
But in any event, full credit should be given to the Cost Section for its express and overt recognition of a vital distinction too often ignored in utility-cost analyses: namely, that between a cost allocation designed to reflect the actual behavior of costs in response to changes in rates of output of different classes of utility service ; ;
We turn now to a type of fully distributed cost analysis which, unlike the `` railroad type '', draws no distinction between cost allocation and cost apportionment: the single-step type.
With the exception of the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox Catholic Churches, most churches make no moral distinction between rhythm and mechanical or chemical contraceptives, allowing the couple free choice.
In any case, anyone who fails to make significant distinction between primary and secondary applications of economic pressure would in principle already have justified that use of economic boycott as a means which broke out a few years ago or was skillfully organized by White Citizens' Councils in the entire state of Mississippi against every local Philco dealer in that state, in protest against a Philco-sponsored program over a national TV network on which was presented a drama showing, it seemed, a `` high yellow gal '' smooching with a white man.
and when this is done it will be found that the principles governing Christian resistance cut across the distinction between violent and non-violent means, and apply to both alike, justifying either on occasion and always limiting either action.
The justification in Christian conscience of the use of any mode of resistance also lays down its limitation -- in the distinction between the persons against whom pressure is primarily directed, those upon whom it may be permitted also to fall, and those who may never be directly repressed for the sake even of achieving some great good.
There is no justification for systematizing the random statements of Irenaeus about the image of God beyond this, nor for reading into his imprecise usage the later theological distinction between the image of God ( humanity ) and the similitude of God ( immortality ).
It is even said that the distinction between self and other is part of the root cause of our suffering.
In discussion of the arts, a distinction is sometimes made between the Apollonian and Dionysian impulses where the former is concerned with imposing intellectual order and the latter with chaotic creativity.
A distinction is sometimes made between the smaller adobes, which are about the size of ordinary baked bricks, and the larger adobines, some of which may be one to two yards ( 1 – 2 m ) long.
" The term made an impact into English pulp science fiction starting from Jack Williamson's The Cometeers ( 1936 ) and the distinction between mechanical robots and fleshy androids was popularized by Edmond Hamilton's Captain Future ( 1940 – 1944 ).
He had opened the door to technological awards, but had not left instructions on how to deal with the distinction between science and technology.
According to Richard Dawkins, a distinction between agnosticism and atheism is unwieldy and depends on how close to zero we are willing to rate the probability of existence for any given god-like entity.

distinction and absorbed
Bratcher argued that the Old Testament absorbed Near Eastern pagan mythology ( although he drew a sharp distinction between the literally-interpreted myths of the Near Eastern pagans and the " mythopoetic " use of imagery from pagan myths by the Hebrews ).
Some anthropologists, however, draw a distinction between tribes who have continued to be tribal and tribes that have been absorbed into caste society in terms of the breakdown of tribal ( and therefore caste ) boundaries, and the proliferation of new mixed caste groups.
The remaining Sidamo population was absorbed by the Oromo, who as a practice made no distinction in ethnic ancestry for inclusion into their society.
The distinction between the two contrapositives is absorbed and eliminated in the principle of transposition, which presupposes the " mediate inferences " of contraposition and is also referred to as the " law of contraposition ".

distinction and dose
If necessary, measuring cAMP ( cyclic AMP ) in the urine after an intravenous dose of PTH can help in the distinction between hypoparathyroidism and other causes.
The act abolishes any distinction between soft drugs ( cannabis ) and hard drugs ( heroin, cocaine ), punishing the user on the base of the quantity of active ingredient in the dose.

distinction and equivalent
He resumed his interrupted studies in October 1919, and graduated in 1921 as a wrangler ( equivalent to a first ) in Part II of the Mathematical Tripos, and gained distinction in Schedule B ( the equivalent of Part III ).
While this distinction is mostly philosophical, the fuzzy-logic-derived possibility measure is inherently different from the probability measure, hence they are not directly equivalent.
Some cities in England, Wales and Northern Ireland have the further distinction of having a Lord Mayor rather than a simple Mayor — in Scotland, the equivalent is the Lord Provost.
Instead, the only Hindu title which is commonly rendered as Emperor is Samraat or Samraj ( a ), a personal distinction achieved by a few rulers of ancient dynasties such as the Mauryas and Guptas ; the Muslim equivalent of emperor would be Padshah, applied to the Mughal dynasty.
Bertrand Russell discussed the paradox briefly in § 38 of The Principles of Mathematics ( 1903 ), distinguishing between implication ( associated with the form " if p, then q "), which he held to be a relation between unasserted propositions, and inference ( associated with the form " p, therefore q "), which he held to be a relation between asserted propositions ; having made this distinction, Russell could deny that the Tortoise's attempt to treat inferring Z from A and B is equivalent to, or dependent on, agreeing to the hypothetical " If A and B are true, then Z is true.
With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side / B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the remaining dominant medium, the compact disc, lacked an equivalent physical distinction.
Thus Kripke's argument that names are not equivalent to descriptions was widely construed as the view that names do not have senses ; or as a rejection of the sense-reference distinction.
However, there is no water-tight distinction ; " Collaboration " and " Collaborator ", as well as " Collaborationism " and " Collaborationist ", are often used in this pejorative sense — and even more so, the equivalent terms in French and other languages spoken in countries which experienced direct Nazi occupation.
" The Scottish SPCA changed its logo in 2005 to make a clearer distinction between itself and the RSPCA in an attempt to prevent legacies being left to its English equivalent by mistake when the Scottish charity was intended.
Yet for Schmitt the political was not an autonomous domain equivalent to the other domains, but rather the existential basis that would determine any other domain should it reach the point of politics ( e. g. religion ceases to be merely theological when it makes a clear distinction between the " friend " and the " enemy ").
The FC holds the dubious distinction of the worst goal drought in Bundesliga history: in 2002, the supporters had to wait 1034 excruciating minutes ( equivalent to 11 and a half games ) until Thomas Cichon found the back of the net again.
Sales in Japan have been significantly better, with the first five titles obtaining the equivalent " PlayStation the Best " or " PlayStation 2 the Best " distinction as well as reprints several months or years after their original release.
Traditionally, such headgear is – as indicated by the German equivalent Adelskrone ( literally " crown of nobility ") – used by nobles and by princes and princesses in their coats of arms, rather than by monarchs, for whom the word crown is customarily reserved in formal English, while many languages have no such terminological distinction.
" The Scottish SPCA changed its logo in 2005 to make a clearer distinction between itself and the RSPCA in an attempt to prevent legacies being left to its English equivalent by mistake when the Scottish charity was intended.
It is the functional equivalent of a state police department and has the distinction of making Hawaii the only U. S. state without an officially named state police department and one of two with a statewide Sheriff's Department ( the other being Rhode Island ).
The term is sometimes treated as synonymous with civil religion, but although some scholars use the terms as equivalent, others see a useful distinction, using " civil religion " as something weaker, which functions more as a socially unifying and essentially conservative force, where a political religion is radically transformational, even apocalyptic.
There were three grades of result from the Diploma: distinction ( roughly equivalent to first class honours ), pass ( equivalent to second or third class honours ), and fail.
The topological, piecewise-linear, and smooth categories are all equivalent in three dimensions, so little distinction is made in whether we are dealing with say, topological 3-manifolds, or smooth 3-manifolds.
This distinction continues in historical circles with most texts referring to Oberführer as a senior colonel rank while some others state it has a military equivalent to a British Army brigadier.
Intuitively, the distinction is that the wavefronts of plane waves are truly planar ; all points on a given two-dimensional wavefront are equivalent.
As he neared graduation with a degree in economics, he was one of thirty students selected to the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity, and the university president informed him that he would graduate " with distinction ", Iowa's equivalent to graduating cum laude.
An equivalent way of making the distinction, particularly helpful in the context of extensive form games, is to define a game of incomplete information as any game in which nature moves first and to define a game of uncertain information as any game in which nature moves after the players have moved.

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