* Warfare is used for armed combat, from duelling to commanding armies

These laws vary from time to time and from place to place: note variations in gambling laws, for example, and the prohibition or encouragement of duelling in history.

The practice of civilian duelling, with specifically designed civilian swords such as the Italian Cinquedea and Swiss Baselard, became so popular that according to one scholar: " In France during the reign of Henry IV ( 1589 – 1610 ), more than 4, 000 French aristocrats were killed in duels in an eighteen-year period ... During the reign of Louis XIII ( 1610 – 1643 )... in a twenty-year period 8, 000 pardons were issued for murders associated with duels.

Nobody dares to suggest otherwise to Rawdon because of his temper and his reputation for duelling.

Typical weapons were cased duelling pistols, tuned for identical appearance, reliability and accuracy.

As a practical matter, the legal sport of pugilism replaced duelling for most English gentlemen near this time.

While the modern DU Fencing Club was founded in 1941, its origins can be dated to the 1700s when a ' Gentleman's Club of the Sword ' existed, primarily for duelling practice.

Duels were fought not so much to kill the opponent as to gain " satisfaction ," that is, to restore one's honour by demonstrating a willingness to risk one's life for it, and as such the tradition of duelling was originally reserved for the male members of nobility ; however, in the modern era it extended to those of the upper classes generally.

Special sets of duelling pistols were crafted for the wealthiest of noblemen for this purpose.

Islands in rivers dividing two jurisdictions were popular duelling sites ; the cliffs below Weehawken on the Hudson River where the Hamilton-Burr duel occurred were a popular field of honour for New York duellists because of the uncertainty whether New York or New Jersey jurisdiction applied.

The small sword could be a highly effective duelling weapon, and some systems for the use of the bayonet were developed using the method of the smallsword as their foundation, ( including perhaps most notably, that of Alfred Hutton ).

Silver recommends a highly dynamic system which he deemed suitable for duelling, street defence and the battlefield, rather than the purely duelling orientation of the rapier.

While commoners were required to present their case to a judge before duelling, members of the nobility did have the right to challenge each other for duels without the involvement of the judicative, so that duels of this kind were separate from the judicial duel already in the Middle Ages and were not affected by the latter's abolition in the early 16th century, evolving into the gentlemanly duel of modern times which was outlawed only as late as in the 19th century.

Her early years were clouded by the execution of Henri of Montmorency, her mother's only brother, for intriguing against Richelieu in 1632, and that of her mother's cousin the Count François de Montmorency-Boutteville for duelling in 1635 ; but her parents made their peace with Richelieu, and being introduced into society in 1635 she soon became one of the stars of the Hôtel de Rambouillet, at that time the center of all that was learned, witty, and gay in France.

They are fearsome warriors, having risen through the ranks via backstabbing, petty politicking and in some rare cases duelling, and usually the only thing they need to worry about is if one of their lieutenants decide to attempt to claim the title of Warlord for themselves.

Blazon: " Gules, in center chief a crown or above two duelling arms, the dexter armored holding a sword and the sinister chain-mail armored with a scimitar, all argent except for hafts and gauntlet joint or.

When he arrived at the duelling field to win by default, von Holstein was waiting for him, and the duel would have to be fought with swords.

The duelling pistols of this time were sold in pairs, usually in compartmentalised wooden cases along with a powder flask, rods for cleaning and loading, spare flints and a bullet mould.

Because of its lawless nature, Battersea Fields was also a popular area for duelling, and was the venue for the 1829 duel between the then Prime Minister the Duke of Wellington and the Earl of Winchilsea.

In 1991, Ayrton Senna and Nigel Mansell went down the entire front straight side-by-side while duelling for second place, with Mansell eventually taking the position and ultimately the race itself.

During the takeover bids for Sainsbury's during 2007, Lord Sainsbury used N M Rothschild & Sons as his financial advisor and was said to be the major family shareholder most resistant to selling his stake.

When Sainsbury's was the target for takeover bids during 2007, it is believed that Tim was close to his brother JD Sainsbury in that he was unwilling to sell his remaining stake at any price, wanting to keep the company independent, as opposed to being closer to his cousin David Sainsbury, who indicated he was willing to let the Sainsbury's board open its books for due diligence if someone offered him a price of 600 pence per share or more.

In November 2008 Chairman Dave Thompson put an end to speculation of a takeover of the club after rejecting 3 bids.

* Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority ( FINMA ): Regulates banks, insurances, securities dealers, investment funds and stock exchanges, as well as the disclosure of shareholding interests, public takeover bids and mortgage lenders.

Jordan is a fan of Coventry City and has been linked with takeover bids for the club.

The takeover was immediately followed by a flurry of bids for high profile international players such as, Belgian international Émile Mpenza from Sion, Bahodir Nasimov from Rubin Kazan, Macedonians Igor Mitreski and Slavčo Georgievski.

In November 2006, the company became the target of takeover bids from two other rival grain handlers: the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool (" SaskPool ", " SWP ") of Regina, Saskatchewan and Winnipeg-based James Richardson International (" JRI ").

The takeover was immediately followed by a flurry of bids for high profile players.

An exponent of greenmail, the threatening of takeover bids that never come to pass, Davis said " All you have to do is look at the pretty girl and everyone thinks you're sleeping with her.

The Oakland Athletics Major League Baseball team and Denver Broncos National Football League team were also targeted by failed takeover bids from Davis.

In the 1980s, Newmont thwarts five takeover bids – from Consolidated Gold Fields ( ConsGold ), T. Boone Pickens, Minorco, Hanson Industries and Sir James Goldsmith – who sought to break Newmont apart and sell its assets to increase shareholder value.

On 25 June 2006 Arcelor, in a board meeting announced that it has accepted a further sweetened offer ($ 50. 68 or € 40. 4 per share ) and the new company would now be called ArcelorMittal, thus successfully ending one of the most controversial and publicised takeover bids in modern corporate history.

The takeover bids all came after one of Dynegy's largest subsidiaries filed for bankruptcy.

In a bankmail engagement, the bank of a target firm refuses financing options to firms with takeover bids.

Companies attempting such maneuvers may thus find themselves insolvent, and in a position where they cannot resist continued takeover bids.

Since 2007, the festival has been a subject of several official and unofficial takeover bids.

Bergdorf Goodman's parent company became the object of takeover bids in the 1980s, and as a way to maintain its independence, Carter Hawley completed a major financial restructuring.

AirTouch received takeover bids from Bell Atlantic, MCI, and finally Vodafone, which was the winner and merged with AirTouch in January 1999.

The club went public in 1990 and was the subject of takeover bids from property trader Michael Knighton and Rupert Murdoch's BSkyB corporation before Malcolm Glazer's stake was announced in September 2003.

During Martin Edwards ' time as chairman, Manchester United was the subject of several takeover bids ; the first came from media tycoon Robert Maxwell, who bid £ 10 million in February 1984, but the sale fell through before any serious talks could take place.

He gained fame from a number of high-profile takeover bids, in particular his bid to take control of Harrods.

Both banks increased their offers for Wachovia, took out newspaper ads, mailed letters to shareholders, and initiated court battles to challenge each other's takeover bids.

The 500 golden shares with extended voting rights, allowing it to block potential takeover bids, were the reason for the Commission's legal action.