The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

The earliest Latin commentaries on the Epistles of St. Paul ; a study.

Matteo Ricci was among the very earliest to report on the thoughts of Confucius, and father Prospero Intorcetta wrote about the life and works of Confucius in Latin in 1687.

These provide some of the earliest evidence for Irish knowledge of Latin.

The earliest example of the use of hexameter in Latin poetry is that of the Annales of Ennius, which established the dactylic hexameter as the standard for later Latin epic.

The adjective derived from this noun, * þiudiskaz, " popular ", was later used with reference to the language of the people in contrast to the Latin language ( earliest recorded example 786 ).

In its earliest form, " grammar school " referred to a school that taught students to read, scan, interpret, and declaim Greek and Latin poets ( including Homer, Virgil, Euripides, Ennius, and others ).

A Chinese alchemical text dated 492 noted saltpeter burnt with a purple flame, providing a practical and reliable means of distinguishing it from other inorganic salts, thus enabling alchemists to evaluate and compare purification techniques ; the earliest Arabic and Latin accounts of saltpeter purification are dated after 1200.

In fact the earliest surviving texts that can definitely be called Italian ( or more accurately, vernacular, as distinct from its predecessor Vulgar Latin ) are legal formulae from the Province of Benevento that date from 960 – 963.

" Incunable " is the anglicised singular form of " incunabula ", Latin for " swaddling clothes " or " cradle " which can refer to " the earliest stages or first traces in the development of anything.

Standard works in Latin inherited from the medieval tradition formed the bulk of the earliest printing, but as books became cheaper, works in the various vernaculars ( or translations of standard works ) began to appear.

The Liber Memorialis is an ancient book in Latin featuring an extremely concise summary — a kind of index — of universal history from earliest times to the reign of Trajan.

However, the earliest known recording of the name is from the Bible which was in existence before the Latin language was prominent.

Sometime in the second half of the tenth century a monk named Aldred added an Anglo-Saxon ( Old English ) gloss to the Latin text, producing the earliest surviving Old English copies of the Gospels.

Some of the earliest origins of minestrone soup pre-date the expansion of the Latin tribes of Rome into what became the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, when the local diet was " vegetarian by necessity " and consisted mostly of vegetables, such as onions, lentils, cabbage, garlic, fava beans, mushrooms, carrots, asparagus, and turnips.

The earliest sources for the Morrígan are glosses in Latin manuscripts, and glossaries ( collections of glosses ).

The earliest versions of the New Testament are the translations into the Syriac, Latin, and Coptic languages.

His comedies are the earliest surviving intact works in Latin literature.

They are the earliest surviving intact works in Latin literature.

Cantemir's work is one of the earliest histories of the language, in which he notes, like Ureche before him, the evolution from Latin and notices the Greek, Turkish and Polish borrowings.

The earliest known use of the term " transubstantiation " to describe the change from bread and wine to body and blood of Christ was by Hildebert de Lavardin, Archbishop of Tours ( died 1133 ), in about 1079, long before the Latin West, under the influence especially of Thomas Aquinas ( c. 1227-1274 ), accepted Aristotelianism.

The earliest etymology of " Vinland " is found in Adam of Bremen's 11th century Latin Descriptio insularum Aquilonis (" Description of the Northern Islands "): " Moreover, he has also reported one island discovered by many in that ocean, which is called Winland, for the reason that grapevines grow there by themselves, producing the best wine.

Distilling technology passed from the medieval Arabs to the medieval Latins, with the earliest records in Latin in the early 12th century.

By most accounts, the earliest Arabic and Latin descriptions of the purification of saltpeter do not appear until the 13th century.

Augustus Baldwin Longstreet, a preacher and a college and university president in four Southern states, published the earliest of these backwoods sketches and in the character Ransy Sniffle, in the accounts of sharp horse-trading and eye-gouging physical combat, and in the shockingly unliterary speech of his characters, he set an example followed by many after him.

`` Neutral Tones '' is an excellent example of Hardy's mature style, drawn from his earliest productive period ; ;

The earliest writings of the Apostolic Fathers, the Didache and the First Epistle of Clement for example, show the church used two terms for local church offices — presbyters ( seen by many as an interchangeable term with episcopos or overseer ) and deacon.

The earliest example we have of a recognisable ballad in form in England is ‘ Judas ’ in a 13th-century manuscript.

This example, from May 15, 1920, is the earliest known use of " Big Apple " to refer to any city.

An example of change ringing ( with six bells ), one of the earliest nontrivial results in Graph Theory.

Slapstick ( The Three Stooges is an excellent example of this kind of comedy ) was popular in the earliest silent films, since they didn't need sound to be effective, and they were popular with non-English speaking audiences.

The earliest and most famous example is Code of Hammurabi which set the different punishment and compensation according to the different class / group of victims and perpetrators.

The number of these compartments ranges from 4 in the earliest examples to over 24 in an extreme example on Orkney.

The earliest known example of a detective story was The Three Apples, one of the tales narrated by Scheherazade in the One Thousand and One Nights ( Arabian Nights ).

E-mail became the most successful application of ARPANET, and it is probably the earliest example of a large-scale distributed application.

The earliest recorded visual example is from the cemetery of the Church of the Holy Innocents in Paris ( 1424 – 25 ).

The earliest reported example of this musical form is the song " Kalenda Maya ", supposedly written by the troubadour Raimbaut de Vaqueiras ( 1180-1207 ) to the melody of an estampida played by French jongleurs.

The earliest surviving example of this technique is Smith's The House That Jack Built, made before September 1901.

An example of modern paleontological progress is the application of synchrotron X-ray tomographic techniques to early Cambrian bilaterian embryonic microfossils that has recently yielded new insights of metazoan evolution at its earliest stages.

Amongst the earliest books to be printed were magical texts ; the nóminas were one example of this, consisting of prayers to the saints used as talismans.

The earliest known example of galvanizing of iron was found on 17th century Indian armor in the Royal Armouries Museum collection.

The earliest known example of Hungarian religious poetry is the Old Hungarian ' Lamentations of Mary ' from the 14th century.

Arne Grøn calls this doctrine " the classic example of a metaphysical idealism as a transcendent idealism ",< ref > Arne Grøn Encyclopedia of Science and Religion while Simone Klein calls Plato " the earliest representative of metaphysical objective idealism ".

Thus, for example, around 60 manuscripts are extant containing Welsh-language versions of the Historia, the earliest of which were created in the 13th century ; the old notion that some of these Welsh versions actually underlie Geoffrey's Historia, advanced by antiquarians such as the 18th-century Lewis Morris, has long since been discounted in academic circles.

The earliest example in England of a library to be endowed for the benefit of users who were not members of an institution such as a cathedral or college was the Francis Trigge Chained Library in Grantham, Lincolnshire, established in 1598.

The earliest dated example is the Diamond Sutra of 868.

Some of the earliest recorded speculations linked mind ( sometimes described as identical with soul or spirit ) to theories concerning both life after death, and cosmological and natural order, for example in the doctrines of Zoroaster, the Buddha, Plato, Aristotle, and other ancient Greek, Indian and, later, Islamic and medieval European philosophers.