Thus, while it remains possible that the Babylonians and/or the Pythagoreans may perhaps have had the magic square of three before the Chinese did, more definite evidence will have to turn up from the Middle East or the Classical World before China can lose her claim to the earliest known magic square by more than a thousand years.

The earliest archaeological evidence for the use of the Greek abacus dates to the 5th century BC.

The earliest Mongolic language of which we have written evidence is known as Middle Mongol.

The Chāndogya Upaniṣad, dated to the 8th or 7th century BCE, one of the oldest Upanishads, has the earliest evidence for the use of the word ahimsa in the sense familiar in Hinduism ( a code of conduct ).

The earliest evidence of settlements in the area of today's Berlin are a wooden beam dated from approximately 1192 and leftovers of wooden houseparts dated to 1174 found in a 2012 digging in Berlin Mitte.

He argued that the term bretwalda " falls into line with the other evidence which points to the Germanic origin of the earliest English institutions ".

There is little evidence regarding the absolute earliest instant of the expansion.

The earliest and most direct kinds of observational evidence are the Hubble-type expansion seen in the redshifts of galaxies, the detailed measurements of the cosmic microwave background, the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and today also the large scale distribution and apparent evolution of galaxies predicted to occur due to gravitational growth of structure in the standard theory.

The earliest evidence for fist fighting with any kind of gloves can be found on Minoan Crete ( c. 1500 – 900 BC ), and on Sardinia, if we consider the boxing statues of Prama mountains ( c. 2000 – 1000 BC ).

The earlier date, first proposed in modern times by John Robinson in a closely argued chapter of " Redating the New Testament " ( 1976 ), relies on the book's internal evidence, given that no external testimony exists earlier than that of Irenaeus, noted above, and the earliest extant manuscript evidence of Revelation ( P98 ) is likewise dated no earlier than the late 2nd century.

One of the earliest evidence of Hindu influence in Southeast Asia were stone pillars which bear inscriptions in the Pallava script found in Kutai along the Mahakam River in East Kalimantan, dating to around the second half of the 300s AD.

" The Acts of the Scilitan Martyrs ", one of the earliest texts which offer evidence of the development of " the Bible ", indicates that the leader of the Scilitan Martyrs possessed a " capsa ", or container for scroll-form books ( volumen, pl.

This then is our earliest evidence of monks praying the Psalms as the main part of their daily scripted and Scriptural prayer regimen: the Desert Fathers.

Traditionally, the extinct family Viverravidae ( viverravids ) had been thought to be the earliest carnivorans, with fossil records first appearing in the Paleocene of North America about 60 mya, but recently described evidence from cranial morphology now places them outside the order Carnivora.

Excavations in modern-day Iraq by Ernest de Sarzec in 1877 found evidence of the earliest known code of justice, issued by the Sumerian king Urukagina of Lagash ca 2300 BC.

Skeat “… in at least three cases and probably in all, in the form of codices " and he theorized that this form of notebook was invented in Rome and then “… must have spread rapidly to the Near East …” In his discussion of one of the earliest pagan parchment codices to survive from Oxyrhynchus in Egypt, Eric Turner seems to challenge Skeat ’ s notion when stating “… its mere existence is evidence that this book form had a prehistory ” and that “ early experiments with this book form may well have taken place outside of Egypt .” Early codices of parchment or papyrus appear to have been widely used as personal notebooks, for instance in recording copies of letters sent ( Cicero Fam.

Although the castrato ( or musico ) predates opera, there is some evidence that castrati had parts in the earliest operas.

The earliest evidence for acupuncture in this sense dates to the second or first century BCE.

The earliest inhabitants of the islands were probably Arabs and Africans, the latter probably Bantu-speaking ; the earliest evidence of settlement of the islands dates from the eighth century.

Other regions of the world, including India and China, also have early evidence of water clocks, but the earliest dates are less certain.

These provide some of the earliest evidence for Irish knowledge of Latin.

Sometimes the Doric order is considered the earliest order, but there is no evidence to support this.

The earliest textual evidence of the handheld crossbow used in battle dates to the 4th century BC.

In the 1990s several teams of paleoanthropologists were working throughout Africa looking for evidence of the earliest divergence of the Hominin lineage from the great apes.

The earliest findings of imported iron blades and local iron working appear in 500 BC.

A number of the earliest Mannerist artists who had been working in Rome during the 1520s fled the city after the Sack of Rome in 1527.

From the earliest microcontrollers to today, six-transistor SRAM is almost always used as the read / write working memory, with a few more transistors per bit used in the register file.

Cros was a poet of meager means, not in a position to pay a machinist to build a working model, and largely content to bequeath his ideas to the public domain free of charge and let others reduce them to practice, but after the earliest reports of Edison's presumably independent invention crossed the Atlantic he had his sealed letter of April 30 opened and read at the December 3, 1877 meeting of the French Academy of Sciences, claiming due scientific credit for priority of conception.

The earliest mention of experiments on the neural basis of working memory can be traced back to over 100 years ago, when Hitzig and Ferrier described ablation experiments of the prefrontal cortex ( PFC ), they concluded that the frontal cortex was important for cognitive rather than sensory processes.

* The earliest textual reference is made to Gypsies working as musicians in Constantinople.

Age-related conditions such as Alzheimer's disease ( for which hippocampal disruption is one of the earliest signs ) have a severe impact on many types of cognition, but even normal aging is associated with a gradual decline in some types of memory, including episodic memory and working memory.

In the field of Egyptology, William Flinders Petrie pioneered sequence dating to penetrate pre-dynastic Neolithic times, using groups of contemporary artefacts deposited together at a single time in graves and working backwards methodically from the earliest historical phases of Egypt.

He wrote his earliest novels while working as a Post Office inspector, occasionally dipping into the " lost-letter " box for ideas.

His account of gold mining in Nubia in eastern Egypt is one of the earliest extant texts on the topic, and describes in vivid detail the use of slave labour in terrible working conditions.

Woodbridge has a tide mill in working order, one of only two in the UK and among the earliest.

He demonstrated a facility for working in the French language and Monsieur Klein ( 1976 ) gave Alain Delon as star and producer one of French cinema's earliest chances to highlight the background to the infamous Vel'd ' Hiv Roundup of French Jews in July 1942.

The Science Museum now holds a collection of over 300, 000 items, including such famous items as Stephenson's Rocket, Puffing Billy ( the oldest surviving steam locomotive ), the first jet engine, a reconstruction of Francis Crick and James Watson's model of DNA, some of the earliest remaining steam engines, a working example of Charles Babbage's Difference engine ( and the latter, preserved half brain ), the first prototype of the 10, 000-year Clock of the Long Now, and documentation of the first typewriter.

Because of his determination to create art according to his own principles rather than those of his patrons, he is also noted for being one of the earliest romantic painters working in Britain, though as an artist few rated him highly until the fully comprehensive 1983 exhibition at the Tate Gallery led to a reassessment of this " notoriously belligerent personality ", who emerges as one of the most important Irish Neoclassical artists.

Huston's Moulin Rouge ( 1952 ) was one of Morath's earliest assignments, and her first time working in a film studio.

The earliest colonists were, for the most part, from the lower, working class and displayed an indifferent attitude towards developing the colony, but after a commissioner that was sent out in 1685 to attract more settlers, a more dedicated group of immigrants began to arrive.

At the same time Lindemann was laying the foundation for the study of grief and dysfunctional grieving, Alexandra Adler was working with more than 500 survivors of the fire and conducting some of the earliest research on post-traumatic stress disorder.

The excavation at Ban Chiang in 1974 / 75 was followed by an article by Chester Gorman and Pisit Charoenwongsa, claiming evidence for the earliest dates in the world for bronze casting and iron working.

The earliest known working telescopes appeared in 1608 and are credited to Hans Lippershey.

Griffith did not use Dorothy in any of his earliest epics, but while he spent months working on The Birth of a Nation and Intolerance, Dorothy was featured in many feature-length films made under the banner of Triangle and Mutual releases.

Richard was noted in game audio for bringing " real " voice actors into a game for the first time ( Mega Lo Mania ), the earliest use of interactive music ( Chaos Engine ), working with established recording artists ( Betty Boo on Magic Pockets, Captain Sensible on Sensible Soccer, Brian May on Rise of the Robots and John Foxx on Gods and Speedball 2 ), and featuring vocals in title tunes, which was revolutionary for the time.

The earliest literary reference to a working sawmill comes from a Roman poet, Ausonius who wrote an epic poem about the river Moselle in Germany in the late 4th century AD.

The 1852 daguerreotype of Pio Pico may be the earliest objective image of acromegaly ever recorded, since the disease was not recognized and named until Pierre Marie coined the term in 1886 while working at the clinic of Charcot in Paris, France.

Among the earliest documented working rifle makers are Adam Haymaker, who had a thriving trade in the northern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, and the Moravian gunshops at Christian's Spring in Pennsylvania and in the Salem area of North Carolina.