Thus, while it remains possible that the Babylonians and/or the Pythagoreans may perhaps have had the magic square of three before the Chinese did, more definite evidence will have to turn up from the Middle East or the Classical World before China can lose her claim to the earliest known magic square by more than a thousand years.

His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.

The oldest known caecilian is Eocaecilia micropodia, also from Arizona, while the earliest salamander is Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis from the Late Jurassic of northeastern China.

The earliest known written documentation of the Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BC.

The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

The earliest known texts in a Turkic language are the Orkhon inscriptions, of which the earliest dates from around 720 AD and the latest from 735 AD ( Miller 1971: 3 ).

The earliest Mongolic language of which we have written evidence is known as Middle Mongol.

The afterlife played an important role in Ancient Egyptian religion, and its belief system is one of the earliest known.

The earliest known record of argot was in a 1628 document.

The earliest known Christian monastic communities ( see Monasticism ) consisted of groups of cells or huts collected about a common center, which was usually the house of some hermit or anchorite famous for holiness or singular asceticism, but without any attempt at orderly arrangement.

This violin, now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, may have been part of a set made for the marriage of Philip II of Spain to Elisabeth of Valois in 1559, which would make it one of the earliest known violins in existence.

The earliest known sound recording of Advance Australia Fair appears in " The Landing of the Australian Troops in Egypt ", circa 1916, a short commercial recording dramatising arrival of the Australian troops in Egypt en route to Gallipoli.

On 25 May 1824, the town plat was registered with Wayne County as " Annsarbour "; this represents the earliest known use of the town's name.

The earliest known autobiography in English is the early 15th-century Booke of Margery Kempe, describing among other things her pilgrimage to the Holy Land and visit to Rome.

The earliest known Christian image of an angel, in the Cubicolo dell ' Annunziazione in the Catacomb of Priscilla, which is dated to the middle of the third century, is without wings.

The earliest known representation of angels with wings is on what is called the Prince's Sarcophagus, discovered at Sarigüzel, near Istanbul, in the 1930s, and attributed to the time of Theodosius I ( 379-395 ).

Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants of the land that is today known as the United States and played its first music.

" Paddy on the Railway " is attested as a chanty in the earliest known published work to use the word " chanty ," G. E.

The earliest known personification of what would become the United States was " Columbia " who first appeared in 1738 and sometimes was associated with Liberty.

From the time that the earliest English-speaking settlers arrived, the area has also been known as The Forks, because it is situated at the confluence of the north and south branches of the Kalamazoo River.

The earliest known date for a simple glue is 200, 000 BC and for a compound glue 70, 000 BC.

The earliest known member of the house, Esiko, Count of Ballenstedt, first appears in a document of 1036, and is assumed to have been a grandson ( through his mother ) of Odo I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark.

The earliest record of a settlement at Ajaccio having a name ancestral to its name is the exhortation in Epistle 77 written in 601 CE of Gregory the great to the Defensor Boniface, one of two known rectors of the early Corsican church, not to leave Aleria and Adjacium without bishops.

The earliest known literary use of the word assassination is in Macbeth by William Shakespeare ( 1605 ).

In 1676 Huang Zongxi's son, Huang Baijia, who learned martial arts from Wang Zhengnan, compiled the earliest extant manual of internal martial arts, the Nèijiā quánfǎ.

The earliest dance manual printed in England did not appear until 1651.

The earliest use of the term " state of the art " documented by the Oxford English Dictionary dates back to 1910, from an engineering manual by Henry Harrison Suplee ( 1856-post 1943 ), an engineering graduate ( University of Pennsylvania, 1876 ), titled Gas Turbine: progress in the design and construction of turbines operated by gases of combustion.

The German school of swordsmanship includes the earliest known longsword Fechtbuch, a manual from approximately 1389, known as GNM 3227a.

The earliest Chinese manual of materia medica, the Shennong Bencao Jing ( Shennong Emperor's Classic of Materia Medica ), was compiled in the 1st century AD during the Han dynasty, but it was attributed to the mythical Shennong.

One of the earliest academic studies of turntablism ( White 1996 ) argued for its designation as a legitimate electronic musical instrument — a manual analog sampler — and described turntable techniques such as backspinning, cutting, scratching and blending as basic tools for most hip hop DJs.

The earliest extant manual on Shaolin Kung Fu, the Exposition of the Original Shaolin Staff Method was written in around 1610 and published in 1621 from what its author Chéng Zōngyóu learned during a more than ten year stay at the monastery.

The earliest known Chinese manual on materia medica is the Shennong Bencao Jing ( The Divine Farmer's Herb-Root Classic ), dating back to the 1st century AD.

Royal Armouries Ms. I. 33 ( also known as " the Tower manuscript " because it was kept in the Tower of London during 1950-1996 ; also referred to as British Museum No. 14 E iii, No. 20, D. vi ) is the earliest known surviving European fechtbuch ( combat manual ), and one of the oldest surviving martial arts manuals dealing with armed combat worldwide.

1350s-1410s ) was a Medieval master of arms and the earliest Italian master from whom we have an martial arts manual.

The earliest printed versions of the users ' manual were mimeographed ( with the typical purple print of Ditto machines of the era ) and had a pink cover.

These predate the earliest extant Mother and Child virginal by 30 years ( the 1581 Hans Ruckers ), and the earliest known double manual harpsichords by about 60 years.

One of the earliest was made in the 1930s for Victor, containing Chávez's Sinfonía de Antígona and Sinfonía india, together with his orchestration of Dietrich Buxtehude's Chaconne in E minor: 4-disc 78-rpm set, Victor Musical Masterpiece Series, Victor Red Seal M 503 ( manual sequence ) and DM 503 ( automatic sequence ).

MS I. 33, considered the earliest extant armed-combat manual, ( around 1300 ) contains an early description of a system of combat with buckler and sword.

According to the ta-ta theory, humans made the earliest words by tongue movements that mimicked manual gestures, rendering them audible.

The earliest form of a manual transmission is thought to have been invented by Louis-René Panhard and Emile Levassor in the late 19th century.

The earliest version of the model ( observations, feelings, and action-oriented wants ) was part of a training manual Rosenberg prepared in 1972.

The earliest extant manual on armed combat ( as opposed to unarmed wrestling ) is the I. 33, written in Franconia around AD 1300.

The oil is popular in Asia and is also one of the earliest known crop-based oils, but world-wide mass modern production continues to be limited even today due to the inefficient manual harvesting process required to extract the oil.

External ballistics for stationary terrestrial targets is enormously complicated — some of the earliest analog computers were used to calculate firing solutions for naval artillery, as the problems were already beyond manual solutions in any reasonable time — and the issues in targeting objects in space make a difficult problem even harder.

In addition to some Tutsi who were native to eastern Congo, the earliest of these migrants arrived before colonization in the 1880s, followed by emigrants who were forcibly relocated to Congo to perform manual labor by the Belgian colonizers ( after 1908 ), and another prominent wave of emigrants fleeing the social revolution of 1959 that brought the Hutu to power in Kigali.

The earliest manual forms of thrombapheresis are done by the separation of platelets from multiple bags of whole blood collected from donors or blood sellers.

One of the earliest published convention systems was IBM's " OF Language " documented in a 1980s IMS ( Information Management System ) manual.